Umhubo ohlukanisiwe ukhipha isiphequluli, hhayi imibuzo yaso ye-DNS

Isiphequluli sikhishiwe emhubeni, ikhasi le-IP yomphakathi liqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi yaso iphuma ngoxhumo lwasekhaya, kodwa i-wiki yangaphakathi ayivuli. Ukuxazululwa kwamagama kuye kwenye indawo, futhi leyo ndawo ngokuvamile isixazululi esibekwe yi-VPN. Indlela yedatha nendlela yesixazululi yizinqumo ezihlukene emiklamweni eminingi yomhubo ohlukanisiwe. Hlola ukuthi yikuphi isiphequluli esikusebenzisile ngempela ngaphambi kokubiza ukukhishwa ngokuthi kugobile.

Indlela yedatha nendlela yesixazululi ziyahlukana

Ukukhishwa kususa amaphakethe ohlelo emhubeni, okuyisinqumo somzila kanye nodonga lomlilo endleleni yedatha. Ukuxazululwa kwamagama kungenye indlela yokusesha: inqubo ibuza isixazululi sesistimu, futhi leso sixazululi sinquma ukuthi iyiphi iseva ethola umbuzo.

Kokubili kungaba ngamabomu futhi kwehluke. Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi kungagcina izikhala zamagama zangaphakathi kusixazululi senkampani kuyilapho kuthumela ukuphequlula komphakathi okukhethiwe ngaphandle komhubo, ngenxa yokuthi amagama angaphakathi awaxazululwa kwenye indawo. Icala elididayo liphambene: isayithi yomphakathi iyahluleka ngoba isiphequluli asizange sibuze isixazululi obekulindelekile ukusetshenziswa. Bhala umzila nesixazululi ngokwehlukana, ingxenye yezingxabano iyanyamalala.

Thola ukuthi iyiphi inqubo ebuza umbuzo

Isiphequluli singasebenzisa isixazululi sesistimu, isevisi yaso ye-DNS ebethelwe, noma isixazululi esinikezwa uhlelo lokusebenza kwinethiwekhi ngayinye. Esokuqala silandela inqubomgomo yeplathifomu, esesibili sidlula leyo nqubomgomo ngokuphelele, futhi esesithathu sincike ekutheni umbuzo uqondiswa kuluphi uxhumo.

resolvectl status
resolvectl query intranet.example.net
dig +short +time=2 intranet.example.net @10.52.0.2
scutil --dns | head -n 40

Funda ukulungiselelwa okusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuhlola: yiziphi izixhumanisi ezithwala amaseva e-DNS, yiziphi izikhala zamagama ezizifunayo, nokuthi inqubomgomo yegama ngalinye iyayidlula yini imigomo emisiwe. Ku-Linux i-DNS ehlukanisiwe isebenzisa izizinda zomzila; ku-Windows ithebula lenqubomgomo yokuxazululwa kwamagama lenza umsebenzi ofanayo ezikhaleni zamagama. Akukho kokubili okubonakala ekhasini lokuhlola ukuvuza.

Nquma ukuthi isiphi isixazululi esibona eliphi igama

Bhala ukuhlela okuhlosiwe ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: amagama angaphakathi kuya kusixazululi senkampani, amagama omphakathi kuya kusevisi evunyelwe inqubomgomo, kanye nezihlukile ezinomnikazi. Ngaphandle kwalolo hlu, ilebula ngayinye yokuhlola ukuvuza iba ingxabano yenqubomgomo okungekho muntu ongayixazulula.

Bese uhlola isilungiselelo sesiphequluli uqobo, ngoba i-DNS ebethelwe kusiphequluli isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luthole umbuzo. Umsebenzisi oyivule ukudlula ingosi yokubamba ushintshe ngokuthula isixazululi esikhethwe ukusetshenziswa. Leso yisinqumo sokulungiselelwa hhayi ukuvuza, futhi sifanele isinqumo hhayi uhlu lokuvimba.

Ungabhali kabusha yonke inkambu ye-DNS ukuze ilebula elilodwa lokuhlola libe luhlaza. Ilebula lichaza umbuzo owodwa womsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Qinisekisa umbuzo noxhumo ngokwehlukana

Hlola izindlela zombili ngokwehlukana. Ukuhlola koxhumo kubonisa umzila wedatha, futhi ukuhlola kwesixazululi kubonisa ukuthi ubani othole igama.

curl -sS --max-time 8 https://api.ipify.org
resolvectl query example.net
dig +short example.net

Buza isixazululi futhi ngokusobala, ukuze ukwehluleka kuthiwe kuseva hhayi emzileni. Bese uqalisa kabusha isiphequluli futhi uphinde, ngoba izinhlelo zigcina izimpendulo ezingezinhle kusiqukathi futhi ukwehluleka kwakudala kubonakala kuqhubeka.

Ngemva koshintsho olugunyaziwe, bhala umzila wedatha kanye nomamukeli wesixazululi njengemigqa emibili ehlukene nosuku. Uma ukuziphatha kubuya ekuxhumaneni okulandelayo, iphrofayela enikezela ngakho yiyo okufanele ilungiswe, hhayi isiphequluli.