Kungani i-MAC ye-QFX ivela ku-EVPN kodwa ingaveli kuthebula lokudlulisela

I-MAC kusizindalwazi se-EVPN iyiqiniso lesigaba sokulawula, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi ithebula lokudlulisela lifakwe ohlelweni. Funda izigaba ezine ngokulandelana ngaphambi kokusola i-BGP.

Ukuthola i-MAC kusizindalwazi se-EVPN kufakazela ukuthi yamemezelwa noma yamukelwa njengomzila, futhi akukho okunye. Ithebula lokudlulisela liyisakhiwo esihlukile, esifakwa ohlelweni kamuva, ngakho i-MAC efanayo ingavela kwelinye futhi ingabikho kwelinye kuyilapho wonke amaphrothokholi esebenza ngendlela efanele. Ukuthatha le miphumela emibili njengezimpinda zomunye nomunye kuthumela onjiniyela ukulandela iphutha le-BGP kuyilapho igebe langempela kuwumgomo wokungenisa noma ihophu elandelayo engaxazululiwe. Umbuzo ofanele ukubuzwa awuwona wokuthi i-fabric iyazi yini i-MAC, kodwa isigaba esiphi lapho yayeka ukuyidlulisela.

Amathebula amabili aphendula imibuzo ehlukene

Ku-Jonos EVPN isizindalwazi sibala amakheli e-MAC ngesikhathi ngasinye kanye nendlela ngayinye efike ngayo: ifundwe kusixhumi sokufinyelela, yamukelwa kumzila we-Type 2, noma yamakwa njengengxenye yeqembu le-multihoming. Incwadi yokubhekisa yakwa-Juniper show evpn database ihlanganisa izihlungi ze-MAC ngayinye nesikhathi ngasinye ezenza umbono ufunde kahle. Lona umfinyezo wesigaba sokulawula onekhiye yesikhathi ne-MAC, hhayi ithebula elisetshenziswa yi-hardware ukushintsha amafremu.

Ithebula lokushintsha yilo kanye isimo sokudlulisela. Yomibili imiphumela ibala ama-MAC eceleni komongo we-VLAN noma we-VNI, futhi yikho kanye okwenza aqhathaniswe umugqa ngomugqa, futhi yikho kanye okwenza ukuqhathanisa kuduke. Umbhalo kusizindalwazi uthi umzila ukhona futhi wamukelwa esikhatheni; awusho lutho mayelana nokuthi ingabe ipulatifomu yawufaka yini ukuze udluliselwe.

Umzila we-Type 2 uthwala i-MAC, i-IP yokuzikhethela, ilebula noma i-VNI, isihlukanisi somzila kanye nehophu elandelayo ebiza i-VTEP ekude. Izinto ezine zingaphuka phakathi kwekhebula nalowo mzila: isivakashi asifundwa neze, umzila awumenyezelwa neze, uyenqatshwa lapho kungeniswa, noma ihophu yawo elandelayo ayixazululeki. Ukwehluleka ngakunye kushiya iqoqo lamathebula eligcwele ngendlela ehlukile, futhi yikho okwenza lolu chungechunge lukwazi ukuhlolwa.

Ukufunda kwasendaweni kusenzeka kuqala

Umbono ojwayelekile ukuthi i-EVPN ithatha ukufundwa kwe-MAC, ngakho isizindalwazi esingenalutho kufanele sisho inkinga ye-overlay. Ukufunda kwasendaweni kusasebenza ohlangothini lokufinyelela, njengangaphambi kokuba i-VXLAN ibe khona: iswishi ifunda i-MAC yomthombo wefremu evunyelwe ku-VLAN nasekhonzweni efanele, bese ngemva kwalokho yakha i-Type 2 yayo. Isivakashi esingathumanga fremu ehlobene asinalutho okufanele sikusakaze. Isivakashi okulahwa amafremu aso ngenxa yobulungu be-VLAN, isihlungi noma ilunga eliphansi lokuhlanganisa sibonakala sifana ngokombono we-overlay.

Qala endaweni yokuxhuma bese uqhubekela phambili ngemiyalo yokufunda kuphela. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifremu evela kusivakashi yadlula kwikhonzweni obekuhlosiwe, ngoba akukho lutho olusezansi olunxephezela ifremu engakafiki neze.

show interfaces ge-0/0/1.0
show ethernet-switching interface ge-0/0/1.0
show lacp interfaces ae0

Amalunga e-LACP akhethiwe abaluleke ukudlula ukuthi isixhumanisi siphezulu, ngoba ukuhlanganisa kungaba phezulu kulunga elilodwa kuyilapho ithrafikhi yesivakashi i-hashwa iya kusixhumanisi esiphansi noma esivaliwe. Izibali ze-interface zihlukanisa isivakashi esithule kuleso esilahla amafremu, ngoba isivakashi esingathumeli neze kanye nesivakashi okulahwa amafremu aso ngokuhlukanisa bashiya ithebula elingenalutho elifanayo.

I-MAC ekude ilahleka kuphi

I-MAC ekude yehluleka ohlangothini oluphambene, futhi buthule. Umzila we-Type 2 ufika, kodwa ungena esikhatheni kuphela lapho umgomo wawo womzila ne-VNI kuhambisana nokucushwa kwasendaweni, futhi uba nokusetshenziswa kuphela lapho ihophu elandelayo lixazululeka libe yi-VTEP efinyelelekayo. Ukungahambisani komgomo womzila kushiya umzila ovumelekile kuthebula le-BGP ongenasikhathi esiwufunayo neze.

Funda imibono emithathu ngokulandelana: ukuba khona komzila, umbhalo kusizindalwazi, umbhalo wokudlulisela. Imiyalo engezansi ibuza i-MAC efanayo esigabeni ngasinye, futhi ikheli lesibonelo ligcina imiphumela iqhathaniseka.

show evpn database instance blue mac-address 02:00:00:00:00:5c extensive
show route table bgp.evpn.0 | match 02:00:00:00:00:5c
show route table bgp.evpn.0 | match 02:00:00:00:00:5c extensive

Le miphumela iphendula imibuzo emithathu ehlukene. Umzila ku-bgp.evpn.0 ongenawo umbhalo kusizindalwazi ukhomba kumgomo wokungenisa, kumgomo womzila noma ekucushweni kwesikhathi. Umbhalo kusizindalwazi ongenawo umbhalo wokudlulisela ukhomba ekuhlelweni kwepulatifomu, okuyingxenye yomunye umzila wokukhushulwa. Umzila osebenzayo ohophu yawo elandelayo engaxazululeki uyinkinga yokuthutha noma yelebula, futhi akukho nani lokuxazulula i-MAC eliwulungisayo.

Ukuqalisa kabusha okwalungisa lokho kufakazela okuncane kakhulu

Lapho ukuqalisa kabusha kwenza uphawu lunyamalale, isiphetho esilingayo ukuthi ukucushwa kufanele kube okunempilo. Ukuqalisa kabusha kuhlela zonke amathebula kusukela ekuqaleni, ngakho kufihla nesimo lapho umbhalo ogugile wawusibekela iphutha lomgomo; iphutha livame ukubuya ekushintsheni okulandelayo, ekudlikizeni kwesixhumanisi noma ekuhoxisweni komzila.

Ngaphambi kwanoma yiwini yokunakekela, thatha lokho ukuqalisa kabusha okuzokukususa. Le miyalo emithathu yanele ukuqhathanisa ngaphambi nangemva, futhi ayishintshi lutho kudivayisi.

show evpn database instance blue
show route table bgp.evpn.0
show version

Gcina leyo miphumela kanye nosuku kanye nenguqulo yesoftware eceleni. Umbiko wakamuva wokuthi ukuqalisa kabusha okufanayo kwasebenza ngaphambili uyinkomba hhayi ubufakazi, futhi umehluko ubonakala kuphela lapho othile egcine umphumela wangaphambili.

Imibono emine exazulula izimo eziningi

Imibono emine ihlanganisa cishe zonke izimo: indawo yokuxhuma kanye nensizakalo yayo, i-MAC njengenani lesibonelo, isimo somzila nesizindalwazi, kanye nenguqulo esetshenziswayo. Khetha i-MAC ebonakala ngokucacile njengesibonelo ukuze kungabi namuntu ocabanga ukuthi iyikheli lokukhiqiza: i-okhethe yokuqala 02 ikhombisa ikheli le-unicast elilawulwa endaweni, ama-okhethe asele akhululekile, ngakho 02:00:00:00:00:5c iyisibambi sendawo esiphephile.

Bese uvumela izimpendulo zikhombe esigabeni esihlulekile. Ukungabi nokufunda endaweni yokuxhuma kusho uhlangothi lokufinyelela; umzila ongenawo umbhalo kusizindalwazi kusho ukungenisa; umbhalo kusizindalwazi ongenaso isimo sokudlulisela kusho ukuhlela. Noma kuyini, nikela imiphumela eqoqiwe kanye nesivakashi, i-interface, insizakalo kanye nenguqulo, ukuze unjiniyela olandelayo akwazi ukuphinda umzila esikhundleni sokuphinda umbuzo.

Izihloko ezihlobene