Ihosti ye-EVPN ethule ayilokothi ixazululeke: landela i-ARP kuze kufike ekubopheni

Iphedi lokugcina lixhunyiwe, umgubuzelo walo uyasebenza, futhi ihosti yokuqapha ayikakwazi ukufinyelela kulo. Othile ugijimisa i-ping ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi iqala ukusebenza, okwenza inkinga ibonakale njengeqhamukayo futhi i-fabric ibonakale ingenacala. Lelo phethini wuphawu lwehosti ethule: ayithumeli ngokujwayelekile, ngakho indlela i-fabric eyenza ngayo ukutholwa nokuvuselela ibaluleke kakhulu kunombandela wokuxhumana kwayo. Qala nge-IP eyodwa ehlosiwe, i-MAC kanye ne-bridge domain bese ulandela ukushintshana kokuxazulula okulandelayo.

Landela ukushintshana kwe-ARP noma i-ND okulandelayo

Kwi-IPv4, qaphela ukushintshana kwe-ARP kwehosti ecela; kwi-IPv6, landela i-Neighbor Solicitation kanye ne-Advertisement. Qinisekisa ukuthi isicelo singena esigabeni sasendaweni esihlosiwe kanye ne-VNI ehlosiwe, ngoba isicelo esingalokothi sifinyelele i-bridge domain efanele asikwazi ukuphendulwa yiproxy.

Bese ubheka ukuthi i-fabric yazi ini ngomgomo. Umzila we-MAC kuphela ungakhomba indawo ye-Layer 2 ngenkathi i-proxy ingakabi nakho ukubopha kwe-IP-to-MAC kwayo. Lawa amarekhodi ahlukene, futhi ukuhlola elilodwa akusho lutho ngelinye.

Uma kukhona ukubopha okuvumelekile, i-proxy ingaphendula ngokwenqubomgomo yayo, kodwa i-MAC ekubopheni lokho isadinga umzila wokudlulisa osebenzayo. Uma ukubopha kungekho, isicelo kufanele sifinyelele ukuxhumana kwephedi lokugcina ngomzila we-flooding noma wokukopisha ngaphambi kokuthi okuthile kufunde okuthile empendulweni.

Amarekhodi amabili okufanele avumelane

Umzila we-MAC uphendula ukuthi ikheli le-Ethernet lihlala kuphi. Ithebula le-proxy liphendula ukuthi iyiphi i-IP ehlanganiswa neyiphi i-MAC. Ihosti engakaze ikhulume muva nje ingaba nomzila we-MAC ohle kahle kakhulu futhi ingabi nalo ngisho ifayela le-proxy elisebenzisekayo, futhi yiso leso simo esidala ukwehluleka kokuxazulula ekuxhumaneni okunempilo.

Ekuxhumaneni okukude, hlola ukuthi iphedi lokugcina liyakwamukela futhi liyaphendula yini ukushintshana. Impendulo yalo ivuselela ukufunda kwasendaweni kanye nesimemezelo se-EVPN esihambisanayo, yingakho i-ping yokuzenzela ibonakala ilungisa izinto: wena ukhiqize ithrafikhi i-fabric eyayilindile. Lokhu futhi kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukulungisa kungahlali: lapho ifayela elivuselelwe liguga, iphedi lokugcina liyathula futhi. I-ping ehleliwe yelapha uphawu futhi ifihla igebe lomklamo.

Ngemva kwempendulo, landela umzila okhethiwe kanye nesimo sokudlulisa esifakiwe ubuyela kumceli. Ukuphumelela kokuxazulula nokuphumelela kokudlulisa izingigameko ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi ithikithi elihlanganisa zombili likuthumela esigabeni esingalungile.

Ukuthi umgomo ucabanga ini ngempela

RFC 9161 uchaza ukufunda kwe-proxy okuguquguqukayo kanye ne-flooding ezenzakalelayo yezicelo ze-ARP ne-ND ezingaziwa. Ukucindezelwa okuphelele kwalokho ku-flooding kukhawulelwe ekusetshenzisweni okucatshangelwa kwayo kokufunda noma kokuhlinzeka okwenza kube uphephile, okuyisimo esincane kunalokho okusikiselwa iziqondiso eziningi zokucushwa.

I-fabric elindele amaphedi okugcina asanda kutholakala idinga umzila osebenzayo walezo zicelo. Uma othile evale i-flooding yezicelo ezingaziwa ukuze anciphise ithrafikhi ye-BUM, izingcingo ezithule yizo ezikhokha ngakho, futhi uphawu lufika emasontweni kamuva njengesikhalo sokufinyeleleka okuqhamukayo.

Funda isilungiselelo sokucindezela njengesitatimende mayelana nalokho i-fabric ethembisa ukukwazi. Uma kungenakho okuhlinzeka ngokubopha, isethembiso asilona iqiniso kubathumeli abangajwayelekile. Qhathanisa ukucindezelwa okucushiwe nohlelo lokuhlinzeka okufanele lukondle. Uma lezi ezimbili zingavumelani, i-fabric iziphatha ngqo njengoba icushiwe, futhi okudinga ukulungiswa yilokho okulindelekile.

Ukuvuselela, ukuguga kanye nokunye okumile

Umgomo uchaza izivivinyo zokuvuselela ezisekelwayo ngaphambi kokuthi amafayela aguquguqukayo aguge. Izimpendulo zivuselela isimo se-bridge ne-proxy esihambisanayo; ukungabikho kwezimpendulo kungaholela ngokusemthethweni ekususweni nasekuhoxisweni komzila. Lokhu akulona iphutha okufanele licindezelwe ngokwelula isibali sikhathi ngasinye.

Ukwelula izibali sikhathi zokuguga ngokungenasiphelo kushintshanisa ukwehluleka okubonakalayo nokudala: i-fabric iyaqhubeka nokumemezela indawo ihosti eliyishiyile. Sebenzisa izilawuli ezibhaliwe zokusetshenziswa bese ukhetha impilo ehambisana nokuthi kungabhekwa kangaki ngokunengqondo ukuthi iphedi lokugcina lizokhuluma.

Kumaphedi okugcina aziwayo, aphethwe, ukubopha okumile noma okuhlinzekwe yisilawuli kuyimodeli yesibili evumelekile. Kudinga umnikazi ophethe ukushintshwa nokuhamba, ngoba irekhodi elihlinzekiwe alizibuyekezi ngokwalo lapho ihosti ihambela komunye umgubuzelo.

Okufanele kurekhodwe ngaphambi kwethikithi elilandelayo

Gcina umthombo wokubopha, isikhathi sokuvuselela sokugcina, indawo yamanje kanye nanoma yisiphi isigameko sokuhoxiswa eduze komzila we-MAC. Lelo rekhodi liphendula umbuzo ithikithi eliwubuza ngempela: ingabe uhlelo lulindele ukutholakala, luncike esimweni esidala, noma luyehluleka ukudlulisa ngemva kokuxazulula okuphumelelayo?

Bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi kwezintathu ozimisele ukuyiphatha. Ukutholakala nge-flooding, ukuvuselela ngempilo engokoqobo, noma ukuhlinzeka ngomnikazi — konke kuyavikeleka. I-fabric ecushwe kwelinye kodwa elindeleke ukuba iziphathe njengelinye yilapho izingcingo ezithule zinyamalala khona.