Okufanele kumiswe kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuxhumana kwe-VPN kokuqala komsebenzisi

Ukuxhumana kwe-VPN kokuqala akuvamile ukwehluleka emhubheni. Kwehluleka lapho umsebenzisi ojwayelekile, kunethiwekhi engalawulwa, elandela imiyalelo ebhalwe umuntu owayesekufakile isitifiketi. Iphrofayela, uchungechunge lokuthemba kanye nobufakazi bokungena konke kungukumisa, futhi kukho konke kungahanjiswa ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi abandakanyeke. Okusele kulo msebenzisi kufanele kube yizinyathelo ezine ezingenazo izinqumo ngaphakathi. Isinyathelo ngasinye esengeziwe osishiya ekudlulisweni siba ucingo lokusekelwa oluqala ngomuntu ofunda ibhokisi lengxoxo ngokuzwakalayo.

Yini iphrofayela yokuxhumana eyiphethe ngempela

Iphrofayela ye-VPN akuyona indlela emfushane noma uphawu. Ingenye into enegama esitolo sokuxhumana sohlelo lokusebenza, equkethe ikheli leseva, uhlobo lomhubhe, indlela yokuqinisekisa, futhi kaningi imizila, izijobelelo ze-DNS nemithetho yokuqalisa enquma ukuthi ixhumanisa nini. Ku-Windows lezo zinkambu zihambisana namanodi omhlinzeki wesevisi yokumisa i-VPNv2, yingakho iphrofayela eyodwa ingafika nge-Intune, i-Configuration Manager, iphakethe lokuhlinzeka noma ifayela le-XML elingeniswe ngesandla.

Iklayenti lisebenzisa leyo nto ngokulandelana okungaguquki: liqinisekisa isitifiketi seseva ngokuqhathanisa nezimpande ezithembekile, lixoxisana ngomhubhe, bese kungemuva kwalokho lisebenzisa umzila nokuxazululwa kwamagama ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lubone inethiwekhi. Lokho kulandelana kuchaza iningi lemibiko yokuxhumana ethi isixhunyiwe kuyilapho kungelutho olulayishayo: ukuqinisekisa kwephumelela futhi okuphuke ngempela i-DNS noma uhlu lwemizila. Funda iphrofayela njengento eyodwa enokulandelana, hhayi njengeqoqo lamaswishi azimele. Impande yokuthemba engekho yehluleka esinyathelweni sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba kwanikezwe noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokungena, yingakho ikhiqiza iphutha elijwayelekile esikhundleni sesicelo sokungena.

Impahla yokuthemba yinkambu evame ukungeniswa ngasese ngesandla. Isitifiketi se-CA esisayina isango kufanele sibe khona ngaphambi komzamo wokuqala, futhi ukuqinisekiswa kwegama leseva kufanele kuhlale kuvuliwe ngegama elihambisanayo; ukucisha ukuqinisekisa ukuze isivivinyo siphumelele kuguqula inkinga yokuqinisekisa ibe ukugqilaza okuthule okungeke kubonwe yimuphi umsebenzisi.

Izinqumo ezine okufanele umsebenzisi angazithathi

Iphrothokholi nohlobo lomhubhe kuza kuqala: khetha inhlanganisela eyodwa esekelwayo ngeplathifomu ngayinye futhi ubhale ohlangothini lwesango, ngoba igama lomkhiqizo elijwayelekile akusona isitatimende sokuhambisana. Okulandelayo yindawo yokugcina: igama elilodwa lomsingathi elixazululwa esidlangalaleni futhi elihambisana nesitifiketi esethulwa isango. Ukuqinisekisa kungokwesistimu yobuwena, kungaba isitifiketi, igama lomsebenzisi elinesici sesibili, noma kokubili. Akukho kulokhu okuwukuthanda komsebenzisi, futhi akukho okufanele kuvele njengombuzo emiyalelweni.

Ukukhetha kwesine ububanzi: umhubhe ogcwele noma umhubhe ohlukanisiwe, nokuthi yiziphi iziqalo nezijobelelo ze-DNS ezihamba ngaphakathi. Umhubhe ohlukanisiwe ongenazo izijobelelo zangaphakathi uphuza ukuxazululwa kwamagama kuyo yonke into exazulula enikezwa inethiwekhi yendawo, kanti umhubhe ogcwele ongenaso isu lezinsiza zendawo uphihliza amaphrinta namasango abanjwe. Kokubili yizinqumo zomqondisi ezinemithelela ebonakala kumsebenzisi, futhi yingakho umsebenzisi kufanele akuthole sekunqunyiwe.

Gcina igama lokuxhumana liyisicefe futhi lizinze. Abasebenzisi balifunda ngokuzwakalayo kosizo, balifuna ohlweni lweklayenti futhi balikhumbula phakathi kokusethwa kabusha kwephasiwedi; ukulishintsha phakathi nokufuduka kwakha ukukhuphuka kosizo okungenasihlobo nokuthi i-VPN iyasebenza yini.

Letha ubuwena kumuntu ngamunye noma kudivayisi ngayinye

Iphrofayela isesidlangalaleni kanti ukhiye oyimfihlo awuso. Iphutha elivamile lokusabalalisa ukuthumela iphrofayela eyodwa esebenzayo kanye nesitifiketi sayo bese udlulisa ifayela ezandleni, okwenza ikhompyutha yokuthwala ngayinye ibe yikhophi yobuwena obubodwa futhi kuguqule ukuhoxiswa kube yisinqumo sokukonke-noma-lutho. Esikhundleni salokho bhalisa ubufakazi ngohlelo olusekelwayo: isitifiketi sedivayisi ngayinye esivela esiteshini sokuphatha, noma ubufakazi bomsebenzisi ngamunye obuvela kumhlinzeki wobuwena.

Imihubhe yedivayisi nemihubhe yomsebenzisi iqinisekisa ngezikhathi ezihlukene, futhi lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi yibuphi ubufakazi obudingayo. Umhubhe wedivayisi oxhumanisa ngaphambi kokungena udinga isitifiketi somshini nephrofayela etholakala kusistimu. Umhubhe womsebenzisi oqala ngemva kokungena ungasebenzisa ubufakazi bomsebenzisi uqobo futhi akufanele udinge amalungelo omlawuli. Ukwengeza ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi ezingeni lomshini kuphela ukuze kususwe ukuchofoza okukodwa ekuseni komuntu ukuhweba okubi, ngoba kwandisa lapho idivayisi engagadiwe ingafinyelela khona.

Ukubhalisa futhi iyindawo lapho kunqunywa khona indlela yokubuyisa. Ukuvuselelwa kwesitifiketi noma ukushintsha kwephasiwedi kufanele kufinyelele idivayisi ngesikhathi umhubhe uphansi, ngakho ukuhlinzeka, umhlinzeki wobuwena nesango kufanele kuvumelane ngendlela lokhu okwenzeka ngayo; uma indlela eyodwa yokulungisa iphrofayela ingomhubhe owenziwe yileyo phrofayela, ukhiye ukhitshiwe ngaphakathi kwebhokisi.

Qondanisa isiteshi sokuletha neklayenti

Amaklayenti omdabu nawabanye abantu alethwa ngendlela ehlukile. Amaphrofayela e-Windows angalethwa njenge-VPNv2 ProfileXML nge-Intune noma i-Configuration Manager, kodwa akusona yonke inodi evezwa kuyo yonke indawo yokuphatha, futhi izilungiselelo zomzila, i-DNS neziqalisi ziyahluka ngesisetshenziswa nangenguqulo ye-Windows. Qinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi inkambu engasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthembisa ukusabalalisa okungathintwa, ngoba ireferensi yezinketho zephrofayela ibhala izilungiselelo ezinye izindlela zokuletha ezingakwazi ukuzibeka.

Amaklayenti abadayisi engeza isendlalelo sesibili, ngoba ifayela lokusebenza, iphrofayela nenqubomgomo yekhanda kuyizinto ezihlukene. Isibonelo, i-Cisco Secure Client isekela ukusatshalaliswa kwangaphambili kwephakethe kanye nephrofayela yalo, futhi inguqulo yeklayenti kufanele ihambisane nokumiswa kwesango; ukufaka iphakethe kuphela kushiya umsebenzisi ngaphakathi kwisihambi.

Yimuphi isiteshi osikhethayo, gcina umthombo owodwa weqiniso wephrofayela. Iphrofayela elungisiwe edliwa iphakethe elidala lapho ihlolwa khona ngokulandelayo iyisigameko esiphindayo, futhi ikhambi elihlala njalo ukumisa okunenguqulo hhayi ukuhlela ngesandla kumshini ngamunye.

Hlola ukudluliswa njengomsebenzisi omusha, bese uhlola ukubuyisa

Yenza ukuhlolwa ngokweqile nge-akhawunti ejwayelekile kudivayisi engakaze ixhumane, ngaphandle kweseshini egciniwe yomlawuli noma isitifiketi esibhaliswe ngaphambili. Qinisekisa ukuthi iphrofayela ivela ohlweni, isicelo sokungena sihambisana nemiyalelo futhi insiza yangaphakathi enegama iyavuleka, bese uhlola ukuxazululwa kwamagama nobubanzi bomzila esikhundleni sokuma kusithonjana esixhunyiwe.

Buza isitolo samaphrofayela sedivayisi ukuze ukuhlolwa kukhiqize ubufakazi hhayi umbono.

Get-VpnConnection -AllUserConnection | Select-Object Name, ServerAddress, TunnelType, AuthenticationMethod, SplitTunneling
Get-VpnConnection -Name "Corp VPN" | Format-List
Test-NetConnection intranet.example.com -Port 443

Bese udabula izigameko umsebenzisi ahlangana nazo ngempela: ukusethwa kabusha kwephasiwedi okuphoqelekile, isitifiketi esivuselelwe, ukubuyekezwa kweklayenti okusunduziwe nenethiwekhi okungekho muntu kukho oke wayisebenzisa ekuhloleni. Ngakunye kufanele kusebenze noma kwehluleke ngendlela echazwe imiyalelo. Zama nenethiwekhi evimba imbobo ye-VPN, ngoba umzamo wokuqala ku-Wi-Fi yasehhotela yiwo lapho impumelelo yasekhaya iyeka ukusiza. Bhala inguqulo yeklayenti nokwakhiwa kwe-OS eceleni komphumela ngamunye, ngoba umbiko olandelayo uzofika ngaphandle kwalokho.

Gcina ukudluliswa kumsebenzisi emigqeni emine: igama lokuxhumana, ukungena okulindelekile, insiza efakazela impumelelo nokuthi umbhalo wephutha uthunyelwa kuphi. Akekho okufanele abuzwe iphasiwedi noma ukhiye othunyelwe ngaphandle ukuze kuboniswe ukwehluleka. Isakhiwo, ingaphakathi lephrofayela nenqubo yokubuyisa kungokwencwadi yokusebenza yomlawuli, egcinwe eceleni kwenguqulo yeklayenti eyahlolwa nayo.