Uhlobo Lomzila we-OSPF Nge-VPN: Akusona Ngaso Sonke Isikhathi Esingaphandle

I-prefix yekhasimende inqamula ifu lomhlinzeki njengomzila we-BGP VPN futhi ifika endaweni ekude ibonakala njengomzila we-OSPF wangaphandle, okuyinto onjiniyela abaningi abayilindele futhi akusona umphumela okuwukuphela kwawo ongaba khona. Lokho i-CE ekude ekubonayo kuncike esizindeni se-OSPF i-prefix evela kuso kanye nohlobo lomzila wangempela, futhi kokubili kuhamba nomzila we-VPN. Ukucabanga ukuthi yonke i-prefix esatshwa kabusha iba uhlobo 5 kuholela ezingucukweni zokubaluleka ezingeke zisebenze. Qhathanisa kuqala isihlonzi sesizinda, hhayi ibanga lokuphatha.

Imodeli ye-PE-CE ithwala umongo owanele ukuze i-PE eyamukelayo ikwazi ukwakha kabusha isimemezelo se-OSPF esikhundleni sokusiqamba.

Lokho okuhamba nomzila

I-RFC 4577 ichaza izici ze-OSPF ezihamba nomzila we-VPN: isihlonzi sesizinda, imethrikhi kanye nohlobo lomzila oluvela endaweni yomsuka. I-PE eyamukelayo iwasebenzisa ukunquma ukuthi i-prefix efanele kufanele ibonakale kanjani kunqubo yayo ye-OSPF yasendaweni. Ngaphandle kwalezi zici, i-PE ekude ibingeke ibe nesisekelo sanoma yini ngaphandle kokusatshwa kabusha kwangaphandle. Yingakho umzila ungafika njenge-LSA ephakathi kwezifunda nakuba i-BGP yawuthwala phakathi.

Uhlobo lwesifunda nakho kubalulekile. Isifunda se-stub noma se-NSSA sikhawulela ukuthi yimaphi ama-LSA angangena, ngakho umzila we-VPN ofanayo ungethulwa ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi isenzakalo se-OSPF esamukelayo sikuphi. Inqubomgomo yokuthumela eyakhiwe ingaphinda yeqe ukwethulwa okuzenzakalelayo, okuwukukhetha ngamabomu hhayi umphumela oseceleni.

Isizinda esifanayo, ukwethulwa okuhlukile

Umzila ongaphakathi kwesifunda noma uphakathi kwezifunda ovela esizindeni esifanayo uvamise ukufika endaweni ekude njengomzila ophakathi kwezifunda, okungu-LSA wohlobo 3. I-prefix evela kwesinye isizinda, umsuka ongakaze ukhulume i-OSPF, noma isimemezelo se-OSPF esasikhona ngaphandle ekuqaleni silandela imithetho yangaphandle, futhi yilapho kuvela khona uhlobo 5 kanye nokulingana kwalo kwe-NSSA. Zombili izindlela zokuziphatha zilungile; okokufaka kuyahluka. Qhathanisa izihlonzi zesizinda nezici ezimemezelwe ngaphambi kokuthinta amanani okubaluleka.

Ibanga lokuphatha likhetha phakathi kwemithombo kuse-router eyodwa. Alibhali kabusha uhlobo lwe-LSA futhi alidali ubudlelwano besizinda obungekho.

Nini i-sham link iyimpendulo efanele

Cabanga ngezindawo ezimbili esifundeni esisodwa ezixhunywe isixhumanisi sangemuva esiqondile. I-OSPF igcina lowo mzila ongaphakathi kwesifunda esikhundleni somzila ophakathi kwezifunda onikezwa umhlinzeki, ngisho nalapho izindleko ezakhiwe zingenza umzila womhlinzeki ukhange. I-sham link imele ubudlelwano bangaphakathi kwesifunda ngaphesheya kwe-VPN ukuze izindleko zikwazi ukuhlanganyela esinqumweni. Ikhona ngenxa yaleyo nkinga ethile yokukhetha umzila, hhayi ukwenza wonke umzila ovela esizindeni esifanayo ubonakale njengowangaphakathi.

I-sham link idinga iziphetho ezingafinyeleleka kanye nokucushwa okuhambisana kuzo zombili iphe-PE. Ukuyisetha ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela kukhiqiza ubudlelwano obungakaze busungulwe, futhi ithebula lokuhlela ligcina ukubaluleka kwalo kwakudala, okubonakala sengathi isici asenzanga lutho.

Musa ukuphula isivikelo somjikelezo

Imodeli ye-PE-CE isetha ibhithi ye-DN emizileni eyisabalalisa ukuze i-prefix ingakwazi ukubuya ngaphesheya kwe-CE enye futhi isatshwe kabusha okwesibili. Yiso leso sivikelo esivimbela i-prefix ekujikelezeni phakathi kwezindawo ezabelana ngesizinda se-OSPF. Ukusisusa noma ukusishaya indiva ukuze umzila ubonakale njengowangaphakathi kungase kudale kanye lowo mjikelezo okwakumelwe uwuvimbele. Uma i-prefix ibonakala ingalungile, thatha ibhithi ye-DN njengolwazi hhayi njengesithiyo.

Ukuqaphela okufanayo kusebenza kuzihlungi zokusatshwa kabusha kanye namamephu omzila asusa imiphakathi. Ngakunye kukho kususa umongo udingeka ohlangothini olukude, futhi isimemezelo esiwumphumela singabonakala sinengqondo kuyilapho singalungile. Shintsha isici esisodwa ngesikhathi futhi uhlole ukuthi i-CE ekude ifaka ini ngempela.

Bese uqinisekisa kusuka endaweni ekude: uhlobo lwe-LSA, i-router ememezelayo kanye nomzila ewukhethile. Lobwo bufakazi buphendula umbuzo obuzwe yithikithi.