Incwadi encane ye-VPN kufanele iphendule ini ngokushesha

Umuntu othatha umsebenzi ngo-02:00 akakwazanga ukusho ukuthi insizakalo iphilile yini, ngoba idokhumenti yayichaza umklamo futhi ingakaze isho ukuthi kumele kuqaliswe ini. Ukunikeza ifayela komunye umuntu bese uphuma ekamelweni ukuhlolwa okuwukuphela kwako okubalulekile. Iningi lamaphuzu amancane e-VPN liyahluleka kulo ekhasini lesibili. Isimo esingezansi siyaluhlula lolo hlolo, futhi akukho lutho kuso okufanele lube lude.

Qala ngemephu umuntu okhathele angayihlola ngamehlo

Bhala lokho umuntu okufanele akubheke ngokushesha: amagama amaklayenti axhuma kuwo, amachweba i-daemon elalela kuwo, amaqoqo amakheli ewabelayo, indlela amagama amaklayenti axazululwa ngayo nokuthi yimaphi amanethiwekhi ngemuva komhubhe okufanele afinyeleleke. Engeza inombolo yokwakha oyisebenzisayo ngempela, futhi usho ingxenye ephethe yonke ingxenye enyakazayo, ngoba imizila, isihlungi samaphakethe namaphrofayili amaklayenti ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene. Phawula nokuncika kwangaphandle: i-akhawunti yokusingatha, isixhumanisi esiphezulu, umhlinzeki wobunikazi namanethiwekhi angasese ekugcineni okude. Ithebula noma umdwebo odwetshwe ngesandla kudlulisa lokhu kangcono kunezigaba, ngoba umfundi uyahlola hhayi ukufunda.

Bese usho abantu abangagunyaza ushintsho oluphuthumayo, ngendlela yokuxhumana enganciki ekutheni umhubhe uyasebenza yini. Umugqa wokukhushulwa ongenalo ikhophi lokusekela uyindawo yokuphela khona kuleyo nhlangano eyidingayo. Amagama amabili nenombolo yocingo eyodwa kuyanele; imephu akuwona uhlu lwabasebenzi.

Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kudinga impendulo ethathwa njengephilile

Kunsizakalo ngayinye, beka umyalo kanye nomugqa osho ukuthi kuphumelele eduze komunye, ukuze umfundi angadingi ukukhipha omunye komunye ngokushesha. Isimo senqubo nokufinyeleleka kusuka ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni kusezigabeni ezihlukene: esinye sibonisa ukuthi i-daemon yamukele ukuhlelwa kwayo, esinye sibonisa ukuthi iklayenti lingasebenzisa lokho umhubhe okunikezayo. Bhala imigqa yomibili futhi usho ukuthi yikuphi ukwehluleka okubanjwa yilowo nalowo, ngoba ukuhlolwa okungasho umphumela kuba yimpikiswano yokuthi umphumela ubonakala kahle yini.

systemctl status openvpn-server@lab
ss -lntu | grep 1194

Sebenzisa kokubili, futhi kubheke njengobufakazi obuhlukene hhayi ukulandelana. Iyunithi eluhlaza ingama eduze komhubhe okungekho muntu ongawusebenzisa, futhi okuphambene kwenzeka lapho umlaleli usinda emzileni ophukile. Sho isigaba okubhekwa yiwona umugqa ngamunye, futhi umfundi uyokwazi ukuthi yikuphi okufanele akukholwe lapho kungavumelani.

Ukwehluleka okuthathu kumboza iningi lobusuku

Indawo yokugcina engafinyeleleki, ubunikazi obunqatshiwe kanye nokuxhumeka ngaphandle kokuthutha okusizayo kuchaza cishe konke okumvusa umuntu. Kokunye ngakunye, bhala ukuhlolwa kokubili kokuqala kanye nomuntu okufanele kukhushulelwe kuye, ukuze kungabikho muntu okufanele aqambe ukulandelana kokuxilonga ngo-02:00. Ukungafinyeleleki kuvamise ukukhomba emzileni noma kumlaleli, ubunikazi obunqatshiwe kukhomba esitifiketini, esiphatheni semininingwane yokuqinisekisa noma iwashi, futhi uxhumano olungenalutho lukhomba emizileni, ekudluliseni noma ekuxazululweni kwamagama. Leyo migqa emithathu ifunda amalogi ahlukene, ngakho umugqa kufanele ukhethwe ngaphambi kokuvula ilogi.

Xhumanisa nedokhumenti yangenhla esikhundleni sokunamathisela imiyalo ongazange uyisebenzise kule hosti. Umyalo ongahloliwe okhishwe kwesinye isimo mubi kunokukhomba, ngoba ubonakala unegunya futhi wehluleka ngokuthula.

Bhala ushintsho njengokulandelana, hhayi isigaba

Kunoma yiluphi ushintsho, bhala iphuzu lokuhlola ongabuyela kulo, ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa impumelelo kanye nesimo esiqala ukubuyiselwa emuva, ngalolo kulandelana. Faka indlela yokubuya engadluli emhubheni, ngoba ushintsho olwenzayo lona uqobo lungawuvala. Bhala ukuthi ukuhoxiswa kwamanje kuzobuyiselwa kanjani esikhundleni sesithombe esidala, ngoba uhlu oludala lumukela futhi ngokuthula izifakazelo ebezihoxisiwe ngalolo suku ekuseni. Izinyathelo zomyalo ezinezinombolo zimelana nengcindezi; iprozi iba incazelo.

Zijwayeze leyo ndlela yokubuya ngaphambi kokuba uyidinge, noma nini lapho ushintsho lukhulu ngokwanele ukuthi lubaluleke. Ukubuyiselwa emuva okubhalwe ngesikhumbuzo kuwukuqagela okunosuku olunamathiselwe.

Izifakazelo zihlala kwenye indawo

Khombisa kumphathi wamagama ayimfihlo, esigcineni noma emvilophini evaliwe, futhi usho ukuthi ubani ongayivula, esikhundleni sokucaphuna noma yisiphi isithako efayeleni. Okhiye abasesidlangalaleni, amakhodi okubuyisela asetshenziswa kanye kuphela namaphrofayili afaka imfihlo kufanele kube esigcinweni esivikelwe, futhi ikhasi kufanele lichaze ukuthi umgcini ogunyaziwe ufinyelela kanjani kukho ngo-02:00. Ungalokothi usebenzise imfihlo ephilayo njengesibonelo, ngoba izibonelo zinamathiselwa kumathikithi nasemicu yengxoxo. Ukukhomba kanye nohlu lwezimvume yikho konke okudingwa yidokhumenti.

Buyekeza ifayela ngemuva koshintsho lwangempela noma umsebenzi wokubuyisela, susa imizila engasekho, futhi uphawule ukuthi isinqumo sokulungisa esilandelayo ngumsebenzi kabani. Gcina ilogi yezinguquko enamakholomu amathathu ekugcineni: usuku, okushintshile, ubani okuqinisekisile. Lelo khasi yilo elitshela umfundi olandelayo ukuthi konke okunye kusesikhathini samanje, futhi idokhumenti ye-systemctl evela ku-systemd iyisixhumanisi esingcono kunokuchaza kabusha imiyalo yensizakalo ezosuka endleleni.