Abin da us= ke nufi a cikin layin log na OpenVPN, da yadda za a juya shi

Log ɗin rubutu na OpenVPN yana sanya kwanan wata, lokaci da us= ƙima a layi ɗaya, kuma na ƙarshe cikin ukun shine ɓangaren da masu karatu ke fassara ba daidai ba. Shi ne ɓangaren microsecond na wannan tambarin lokaci, wanda aka buga ba tare da cika da sifili ba. Ba ID na zama ba ne, ba sunan mai amfani ba, ba ma'auni ba, kuma ɗaukarsa haka yana mai da ɓangaren daƙiƙa zuwa tabbataccen ƙarshe mara kyau. Juya shi a matsayin ɓangare na daƙiƙar da aka nuna kuma sauran layin zai kasance mai iya karantawa.

Abin da sassan uku na layin ke nufi

Kwanan wata da cikakkiyar daƙiƙa suna zuwa farko, kuma us= yana ɗauke da saura ƙasa da daƙiƙa ɗaya. Ƙimar 12345 ita ce microsecond dubu goma sha biyu da ɗari uku da arba'in da biyar, wato 0.012345 daƙiƙa, don haka layin yana bayanin 09:15:30.012345 lokacin da aka buga lokacin 09:15:30. Ma'aunin yana sake farawa da kowace sabuwar daƙiƙa, don haka layi na gaba zai iya buga ƙaramin ɓangare ba tare da wani agogo ya koma baya ba. Cikakken tambarin lokaci ne kawai ke tsara abubuwan da suka faru.

2026-11-02 08:41:07 us=4820

Naúrar ita ce miliyan ɗaya na daƙiƙa, kuma lambobi shida na us= suna rufe dukan kewayon daga 0.000000 zuwa 0.999999. Lambobi biyar suna bayanin goman millisecond, yayin da shida ke bayanin ɗaruruwan millisecond har kusan cikakkiyar daƙiƙa. Idan juyawa ya samar da ɓangare mafi girma fiye da ɗaya, wurin goma ya motsa kuma lissafin ba daidai ba ne. Yin shi da hannu yana nufin raba cikakkiyar lambar da aka buga da miliyan ɗaya sannan a ƙara ta ga cikakkiyar daƙiƙa.

Cikawa shine tarko. us=42 microsecond arba'in da biyu ne, an rubuta shi a matsayin .000042, ba .42 ba. Cika cikakkiyar lambar zuwa wurare shida a hagu kafin juyawa, kuma ƙimar za ta daina kama da ɓangaren goma na lambobin da kuke gani.

Juya layi ba tare da kalkuleta ba

Ɗauki daƙiƙar da aka buga a matsayin tushe kuma ɗauki us= a matsayin ɓangaren. Don 09:15:30 tare da us=12345 sigar goma ita ce 09:15:30.012345; don us=900000 ita ce 09:15:30.900000. Lambobin bayan wurin goma sune cikakkiyar lambar da aka cika, ba wanda aka raba da dubu ba. Rubuta sigar lambobi shida da farko yana hana yawancin kurakurai.

Idan kuna nazarin log a matsayin tambarin lokaci, nazari kwanan wata, cikakkiyar daƙiƙa da ɓangaren tare. Mai nazari da ke ɗaukar millisecond zai tsara abubuwan da suka faru ba daidai ba da ninki dubu, kuma fitarwar tana kama da abin yarda.

Lokacin da filin ya ɓace daga log ɗin

Ɓangaren microsecond na cikin tsarin log ɗin rubutu ne kuma yana bayyana ne kawai lokacin da aka kunna cikakkun tambarin lokaci. A cikin mai tsara tambarin lokaci na OpenVPN 2.6 ana ƙara shi lokacin da wannan fitarwar ke kunne kuma ƙimar da aka adana ba sifili ba ce. Don haka log ba tare da us= ba ya faɗi komai game da agogo ko build ɗin; yawanci yana nufin cewa matakin bayani da aka saita ya yi ƙasa. Duba saitin kafin ka zargi daidaita lokaci.

Saitin yana da sauƙin tabbatarwa daga saitin uwar garke. Gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa kuma karanta lambar da yake mayarwa. Cikakken fitarwar tambarin lokaci yana bayyana a matakin bayani na 4, don haka ƙananan ƙima yana bayanin filin da ya ɓace ba tare da wata matsala ba. Gudanar da wannan saitin tare da --verb 4 yana nuna filin da zarar daemon ya sake farawa da wannan matakin.

grep -nE '^[[:space:]]*verb[[:space:]]+[0-9]' /etc/openvpn/server.conf

Ƙara matakin bayani yana ƙara bayanai ga log ɗin; baya inganta agogo. Bayan sake farawa, kwatanta sabon layi da tsohon don tabbatar da tsarin ya canza, kuma sake saukar da matakin da zarar an amsa tambayar.

Abin da lambobi shida ba su tabbatarwa

Lambobi shida suna bayanin ƙuduri, kuma ƙuduri baya faɗin komai game da ko runduna biyu sun yarda kan lokaci. Abokin ciniki da uwar garke duk suna iya buga microsecond yayin da agogon su ya bambanta da daƙiƙoƙi. Lokacin da kuke haɗa abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin injuna, rubuta yankin lokaci da kowane sanannen bambanci, kuma fifita filin da ke ambaton abokin tarayya ko zaman akan kowane tambarin lokaci. Layi biyu da ke raba ɓangare ba lallai ba ne haɗi ɗaya.

Mai tattarawa zai iya yi wa kowane layi tambari lokacin isowa, wanda ke ƙara tambarin lokaci na biyu wanda na mai tattarawa ne ba na OpenVPN ba. Gano wanda kuke karantawa kafin kwatanta su, kuma adana layin danye domin a iya sake kwatancen.

Sabuwar ƙimar us= baya tabbatar da cewa sabon abokin ciniki ya shiga, kuma maimaituwa baya tabbatar da abin da ya faru sau biyu. Filayen abokin tarayya da haɗi suna amsa waɗannan tambayoyin.