I-Nmap ikhombisa imiphumela ehlukile nge-VPN? Gxilisa umgomo
Igama lomsingathi lingaxazululwa liye kwelinye ikheli lapho umhubhe usukhona. Gcina umgomo wezinombolo ugxilile ngaphambi kokuchaza noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwesimo samachweba.
Ukuhlolwa kwamachweba amabili esizindalwazi esisodwa kungahluka ngoba igama laxazululwa laya kwelinye ikheli phakathi kokugijima, hhayi ngoba umhubhe washintsha lokho okudalulwa umgomo. Igama lomsingathi liwumyalelo wokusesha, futhi i-Nmap iyawulandela ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Uma isixazululi siphendula ngerekhodi elinye, ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwakala umshini ohlukile.
Gxilisa ikheli lezinombolo futhi ukuqhathanisa kuba nencazelo futhi. Konke okunye embikweni, kusukela esikhathini kuya kumadivayisi aphakathi, kuhlala kuyinto eguqukayo ehlukile edinga ukulawulwa kwayo.
Izivivinyo ezimbili ezibukeka zifana embikweni
Qhathanisa igama nalo ngokwalo futhi ushintshe okungenani izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye: indlela amaphakethe akho ahamba ngayo nendawo eya kuyo ebuyiswe isixazululi. Umehluko kokuphumayo awukwazi ukunikezwa kwenye yazo. Lokho kungacaci yisizathu esivamile sokuthi ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi nangemuva kuphenduke impikiswano okungekho muntu ongayixazulula.
Qhathanisa ikheli nalo ngokwalo futhi indawo eya kuyo igxilile ngokwakhiwa. Konke okusahlukile kungokwendlayo, ikheli lomthombo, ukuhlungwa okuphakathi noma isimo somshini uqobo. Ususe into eyodwa eguqukayo, lokho akufani nokususa zonke.
Bhala ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zivivinyo ezimbili oyenzile ngempela ngaphambi kokuthola noma yisiphi isiphetho etafuleni lamachweba. Umehluko uzwakala njengewolwazi kuze kube yilapho umbiko uthi i-VPN ivimbe ichweba elingakaze livulwe ekhelini owafinyelela kulo okwesibili.
| Comparison | What stays fixed | What a difference can mean |
|---|---|---|
| Name against name | The string you typed | Resolver answer, answer order or split-horizon policy changed |
| Address against address | The numeric destination | Source path, filtering or service placement changed |
Xazulula kuqala, bese uhlola ikheli olibhalile
Hlukanisa ukuxazulula nokuhlola ukuze amaqiniso amabili ahlale ezindaweni ezihlukene. Buza uhlelo ukuthi yini eyixazululile, gcina leyo mpendulo, bese unikeza i-Nmap ikheli elingokoqobo. Phinda imiyalo emibili efanayo lapho umhubhe uphansi naphezulu.
getent hosts scan.example.net dig +short scan.example.net A nmap -Pn -sV -p 443,8443 192.0.2.40
Ifulegi -Pn libalulekile lapha, ngoba umsingathi onganaki izivivinyo zokuthola uzobikwa njengongekho futhi umphumela ongenalutho ufunde ngokungalungile njengechweba elivaliwe. Sebenzisa -sV kuphela kumagomo agunyazwe umqhubi; ukuhlola inguqulo kunomsindo kunokuxhumana okungenalutho futhi kungaphansi kobubanzi obubhaliwe.
Incwadi yokubhekisa yemininingwane yomgomo ye-Nmap isho ngokusobala ukuthi igama lomsingathi laxazululwa libe ikheli ngaphambi kokuhlola nokuthi uma amakheli amaningi ebuya ithuluzi lihlola elokuqala ngaphandle uma ucela wonke. Akukho lutho kuleso senzo okukhethekile ku-VPN. I-DNS ehlukanisiwe, esinye isixazululi noma isilinganisi somthwalo esiphendula ngokulandelana okusha kudala umphumela ofanayo ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umhubhe.
Gcina inani elixazululiwe eceleni kokuphuma kokuhlola, kanye nomndeni wamakheli, isethi yamafulegi nesigxivizo sesikhathi. Ukusesha okuphambene okubuyisela igama lenkampani kungokunye ukuqaphela, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi iyiphi i-backend ephendulile.
Isimo sechweba esishintshile singakutshela ntoni futhi singakutsheli ntoni
Lapho indawo eya kuyo igxilisiwe, ichweba elishintsha lisuka ekuthukile liye ekuhlungiwe ngokuvamile likhomba endleleni. Cabanga nge-ACL ephezulu, umdonga womlilo onesimo noma umhlinzeki ophatha ukuphuma komhubhe ngendlela ehlukile kunokuphuma kwasekhaya. Nciphisa ngokuhlola ikheli lesibili eligunyaziwe kuleyo subnet efanayo lapho ububanzi buvuma, ngoba ukushintsha igama lomsingathi kuzobuyisa umbuzo wesixazululi. Into eyodwa eguqukayo ngokugijima ngakunye iyona ndlela yonke.
Ichweba elihlala livulekile ngenkathi ibhana yensizakalo ishintsha iyindaba ehlukile. Lelo phatheni lihambisana nengaphambili elabela ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-backend, futhi akukho nenani lokuhlola ohlangothini lwakho elizosho umqashi ongemuva kwayo.
Into okungayisho neze ukuhlola iyinhloso. Ichweba elihlungiwe kungumphumela wenqubomgomo, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi othile ukhethe umhubhe wakho, futhi ichweba elivulekile akubona ubufakazi bokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olungemuva luzokusiza. Hlanganisa namarekhodi engxenye oyisebenzisayo ngaphambi kokubhala noma iyiphi kulezi zindaba ezimbili.
Bhala imiphumela ukuze ukuqhathanisa kudlule ekubuyekezweni
Irekhodi eliwusizo liqukethe igama eliceliwe, ikheli elixazululiwe nomndeni walo, amafulegi anembile, ikheli lomthombo elisetshenziswayo kanye nogunyazo olwemboza indawo eya kuyo. Engeza isikhathi, ngoba izimpendulo ze-DNS ziyazungeza futhi umbiko ongenazo izigxivizo zesikhathi umema ingxabano efanayo kabili. Engeza nenguqulo yesihloli, ngoba ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo kokuhlola kuyashintsha phakathi kwezikhishwe. Uma ukugijima okubili kusebenzise izindlela ezihlukene, kubheke njengezivivinyo ezihlukene futhi usho lokho esihlokweni, hhayi kumbhalo waphansi.
Faka ilebula ekutholakele ngokusho kwayo: izindawo ezihlukene, izindlela zomthombo ezihlukene noma umehluko ongakachazwa. Lolo limi lwamagama lugcina umbiko wokuhlola uthembekile futhi luvimbela impendulo yesixazululi ukuthi ingaphinde ishicilelwe njengesehlakalo sokuvinjelwa kwe-VPN. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ngokuvamile ukugijima okunye ngokheli olugxilisiwe, hhayi ukuhlola okubanzi.