Ikhasi lokuxoxa liyavula kodwa ukuxhumana bukhoma kuyahluleka: yikuphi okufanele kubhekwe

Vula iphaneli lenethiwekhi ngaphambi kokulayisha ikhasi lokuxoxa, bese uthola isicelo esithwala imiyalezo hhayi leso esidweba uhlaka lwekhasi. Idokhumenti, ama-script, ukushintshana ngesikhathi sokungena kanye nokuhamba kokuxoxa konke kungaya kuziphakamisi ezihlukile. Imibiko eminingi yokuthi i-VPN yephula ukuxoxa empeleni ichaza ukwehluleka kwesinye salezo zicelo ezine. Zibheke ngokulandelana futhi impendulo ivamise ukubonakala emizuzwini emibili yokuqala.

Thola isicelo esithwala imiyalezo

Hlunga ngohlobo uma ikhasi selizinzile: i-WebSocket ivela njengengxenye yayo, ukugeleza kwezigameko kuhlala kuvulekile ngempendulo ekhulayo, futhi uphenyo olude luphindaphinda ngesikhathi esilinganayo. Bhala isikimu, isiphakamisi, imbobo kanye nesimo salokho okuthwala izibuyekezo. Phawula ukuthi kwaqala ngaphambi noma ngemva kokungena, ngoba ukuhamba okuvulwa ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa imvamisa kuwumklamo ohlukile kwalokho okuvulwa ngemva kwayo. Funda izihloko zesicelo sesicelo sokuthuthukisa noma uhlobo lokuqukethwe olwamukelwe, ngoba zikhomba ukuhamba ikhasi elisetshenzisiwe elikukhethe ngempela.

Amaposi amadala e-forum achaza ukuhamba okwashiywa imikhiqizo eminyakeni edlule, ngakho themba lokho okurekhodwe isiphequluli hhayi isihloko. Uma ingxenye ingekho ngokuphelele, ikhodi yeklayenti kungenzeka ayizange izame ukuxhumana, lokho kukhombisa ukwehluleka kwangaphambili kwe-script noma ukumiswa. Ukulayisha kwekhasi kufakazela kuphela ukuthi idokhumenti yafika, futhi lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi ngempela ulungisa inethiwekhi yini.

Ukusethwa, ukulethwa nesikhathi sokuphila kwehluleka ngendlela ehlukile

I-WebSocket ivula ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-HTTP okuphendulwa ngesimo 101, futhi konke okulandela yimiyalezo efakwe kumafrimu hhayi ukulanda amakhasi, izigaba ezimbili i-RFC 6455 ehlukanisa ngokucacile. Ukugeleza kwezigameko kuphendula ngohlobo lokuqukethwe olugelezayo futhi kugcina umzimba wempendulo uvulekile. Kokubili kungahluleka ukuvula, kuvule kepha kungalethi lutho, noma kuvule, kulethe bese kufa buthule.

wscat -c wss://chat.example.com/socket -H "Origin: https://chat.example.com"
curl -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" https://chat.example.com/events

Bamba ukwehluleka kokuqala okunenjongo ngaphambi kokuthinta iphrofayela, ngoba lezi zikhathi ezintathu zikhomba izendlalelo ezihlukile. Uma ukuxhawulana kungakapheli, kuqhathanise nesicelo esijwayelekile se-HTTPS kuleso siphakamisi ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona okufikayo yini. Uma siphela kepha kungalethi miyalezo, bheka amafrimu noma umzimba wokugeleza ngesikhathi othile ethumela umyalezo wokuhlola esuka kwenye i-akhawunti. Uma kusebenza bese kuma, bhala isikhathi esiqondile kanye nekhodi yokuvala, ngoba leyo mbhangqwana ikhombisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi oluyekile.

Ikhodi 1006 isho ukuthi isokhethi yavalwa ngaphandle kwefrimu yokuvala, futhi yileyo yindlela idivayisi ephakathi noma isikhathi sokungenzi lutho kubonakala ngayo ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwe-VPN akufakazeli ukuthi iseshini yohlelo lwangaphakathi isaphila.

Isiphakamisi bukhoma siyindawo ehlukile

Izingemuva zokuxoxa zivamise ukuhlala kwegama laso lesiphakamisi, kwesinye isikhathi kwenye imbobo noma ngemva kwesitifiketi esihlukile. Leyo ndawo idinga ukuxazululwa, umzila kanye nokuphathwa kwe-proxy kwayo, futhi ithuneli ehlukanisiwe ingafaka ikhasi kuyilapho ikhipha isokhethi. Xazulula igama lesiphakamisi bukhoma kusuka emshinini weklayenti futhi uqinisekise ukuthi liphendula ngekheli olilindele kuleyo nethiwekhi. Hlola uchungechunge lwesitifiketi ikakhulukazi kwalelo gama lesiphakamisi, ngoba i-wildcard ehlanganisa isayithi ayivamisile ukuhlanganisa iphuzu lokugcina lesokhethi.

Uma i-proxy isendleleni, qinisekisa ukuthi ivumela ukuthuthukiswa noma impendulo ehlala isikhathi eside esikhundleni sokuyibeka kubhafa. Ama-proxy ezinkampani abhala kabusha i-HTML avamise ukuphatha kabi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-WebSocket, okuholela ekhasini elidwetshwayo kuyilapho ukuxoxa kungaxhumani neze. Ngakho izicelo ezimbili zomkhiqizo owodwa akuzona izicelo ezimbili zesiphakamisi esisodwa.

Lungisa uhlu lwezindawo, hhayi izivivinyo zokuphepha

Ukulungisa uhlu lwezindawo ukushintsha komzila futhi kungokumnikazi womzila. Ukwehlisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi noma ukususa isihloko se-Origin ukushintsha kokuphepha futhi kungokumnikazi wenqubomgomo, okungavamile ukuba ngumuntu olungisa ithikithi. Indlela eshesha kakhulu yokwenza ukuxhumana kubonakale sengathi kuyasebenza imvamisa iyona ndlela eshesha kakhulu yokwenza ingozi yenzeke.

Buza umnikazi wohlelo ukuthi iyiphi imisuka eyamukelwa yingemuva ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, bese udlulisela leyo mpendulo kulowo olawula i-proxy. Uma iphutha lesitifiketi livela kuphela ngethuneli, hlola idivayisi ephazamisayo esikhundleni sokufaka indlela yokweqa.

Bhala okwanele ukuze kudluliswe

Into ewusizo imfushane: i-URL yekhasi, iphuzu lokugcina bukhoma, umphumela wokuxhawulana, isikhathi sokwehluleka kokuqala kanye nokuthi kuzanywe ukuxhuma kabusha yini. Engeza igama lephrofayela ye-VPN kanye nenethiwekhi obukuyo, futhi noma ubani okufundayo angaphinda ukuhlola ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo eyisithupha. Fihla amakhukhi, izihloko zokugunyaza kanye nemizimba yemiyalezo, futhi ukhethe isithombe sesikrini sekholomu yesikhathi esikhundleni sokukhipha ingobo yonke. Amafrimu nezingobo zenethiwekhi kungaba nemiyalezo eyimfihlo namathokheni eseshini, ngakho hlola ngaphambi kokunamathisela noma yini.

Uma ukwehluleka kungukuvala buthule, fakela ikhodi yokuvala kanye nesikhathi sokungenzi lutho esandulelayo, ngoba leyo mbhangqwana ivamise ukukhombisa umnikazi wesikhathi sokuphela. Dlulisela irekhodi kumnikazi wohlelo noma wesango esikhundleni sokuqagela isikhathi sokuphela ngokwakho. Impendulo yabo mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-keepalive okusekelwayo iyona evala ithikithi.