Lokho isikrini se-iftop esingakufakazela nokungakwazi ukufakazela mayelana ne-VPN

Isikrini se-iftop siphendula umbuzo owodwa ngesikhathi: yimaphi amapheya ama-host ashintshana ngamabhayithi nge-interface oyiqondisile. Asiphenduli ukuthi ingabe yonke inhlelo elandela inqubomgomo ye-VPN, futhi isikrini esingenalutho asifakazeli ukuthi akukho okuvuzile. Kulelo gebe eliphakathi kwalezi zitatimende ezimbili lapho izimpikiswano eziningi zokuhlola ukuvuza ziphambuka khona. Izimo ezintathu zinquma ukuthi isibonisi sisho ukuthini ngempela, futhi zontathu ziyabonakala emgqeni womyalo owusebenzisile.

Izimo ezintathu zinquma incazelo yesikrini

Izimo yilezi: iyiphi i-interface eboniswayo, yini isihlungi nethuluzi ngokwalo eziyicashayo, nokuthi ukuhlola kwenze ini ngempela. Phendula ngokulandela lokho kuhlelo, ngoba iphutha kwesokuqala lenza ezinye ezimbili zingabi nancazelo.

Isimo se-interface sibalulekile ngoba umbono wethubhu nombono wenyama ubonisa izingqimba ezihlukene zethrafikhi efanayo. Ukubheka i-interface yethubhu kubonisa imigudu engaphakathi kwethubhu; ukubheka i-interface yenyama kubonisa umthwali wethubhu, kanye nanoma iyiphi ithrafikhi yokuhlela, yokuphatha noma yendawo esemthethweni ehlanganyela lolo xhumano. Akukho mbono okhohlakele, futhi akukho okungumbono ogcwele. Ukusho ukuthi ubheka owuphi yilo mehluko phakathi kobufakazi nompressha.

Isimo sokuqala: iyiphi i-interface eboniswayo

I-iftop ithatha i-interface ngokucacile nge -i, futhi incwadi yayo ichaza ukuziphatha uma ungakwenzi lokho: ikhetha eyodwa, okungenzeka kube idivayisi ebukeka ingaphandle hhayi ithubhu. Lokho kusetha okuzenzakalelayo kufanelekile kuthuluzi lobubanzi bomgudu futhi kubi ekuhloleni ukuvuza.

Hlala unikeza i-interface, futhi uyibhale eceleni komphumela. Isithombe sesikrini esingenalo igama le-interface asikwazi ukuphindwa.

Isimo sesibili: yini isihlungi nethuluzi eziyicashayo

I-iftop yamukela isisho sesihlungi, futhi umgudu isihlungi esiwukhiphayo awubonakali ngenxa yokwakheka hhayi ngenxa yokungabikho. Ithuluzi liphinde lenze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusesha kwamagama ama-host ukuze libeke amalebula kumakheli, futhi lokho kusesha kukhiqiza ithrafikhi yayo ye-DNS, okungukuthi ithrafikhi obungahlosile ukuyibheka. -n icisha ukusesha futhi yenza isibonisi sibe sezibalo; ukucasha imigqa ye-DNS ngemuva kwalokho akufani nokungayikhiqizi imibuzo.

Lowo mehluko kufanele ushiwo ngokucacile, ngoba uvela nakwamanye amathuluzi: ukucindezela ukuboniswa komsebenzi akuyona into efanayo nokuwuvimbela. Uma ukusesha kwe-DNS kuyingxenye yalokho okuhlolayo, sebenzisa ukuhlola ngokusesha kucishiwe ukuze ukubheka kungangcoliswa umbheki.

Isimo sesithathu: ukuhlola kwenze ini ngempela

Isicelo esisodwa esivela kuhlelo olulodwa, siya endaweni eyodwa, emndenini owodwa wamakheli sifakazela okuthile ngaleso sicelo. Asifakazeli lutho ngolunye uhlelo, enye indawo noma omunye umndeni wamakheli, futhi i-IPv6 ingumndeni okhohlakalayo kakhulu kulolu hlobo lokuhlola.

Ngakho-ke chaza isicelo ngaphambi kokuqala: indawo engenabungozi, evela kuhlelo olukhathalelayo, emndenini owukhathalelayo, ithubhu lisesimweni salo esigunyaziwe. Bese uhlola uhlangothi olwamukelayo noma ukuxilongwa kwekliyenti ngokwalo, ngoba umkhawulo okude uyazi ukuthi kwafika ini ngendlela isikrini sendawo esingakwazi ngayo. Bese wenze isimo esigunyaziwe sethubhu elingatholakali futhi ubheke ukuthi ithrafikhi iyashintsha yini, ngoba yilokho kuziphatha okushiwo yimfuneko ngempela.

I-DNS ifanelwe ukubhekwa kwayo. Umamukeli wombuzo nendlela umbuzo ahamba ngayo kungamanga amabili, futhi isikrini sobubanzi bomgudu asibonisi nelilodwa.

Ukusebenzisa i-iftop njengobufakazi obusekelayo

Yilapho kuphela i-iftop ineza inani, futhi iyenza njengokuqinisekisa. sudo iftop -i wg0 -n -B -P -f "host 203.0.113.9" ibonisa ukuthi umgudu olindelekile uyavela kuyi-interface elindelekile yini, kanye nezibalo zamabhayithi ezenza isimangalo sokungenzi lutho sihloleke.

Qhathanisa lokho ne ss -tnp yombono wezinga le-socket kanye ne ip route get yendlela ikherneli engayikhetha, bese uba nokubhekwa okuthathu kwesicelo esisodwa esikhundleni sompressha owodwa womshini. Incwadi ye-iftop ibhala phansi ukukhethwa kwe-interface, uhlelo lwesihlungi nokuziphatha kokusesha, okuyizinto ezintathu ukuhlola ukuvuza okuncike kuzo. Isikrini sobubanzi bomgudu sithola indawo yomsebenzi; indlela, okuhlukile nokuziphatha lapho kwehluleka kunquma ukuthi lowo msebenzi uyayifeza yini imfuneko.