Umthetho wamabhayithi angamashumi amathathu engeziwe we-MTU uyaphuka kuma-pseudowire e-MPLS

Buza unjiniyela ukuthi kufanele kwengezwe malini kwi-MPLS futhi uzozwa inombolo, ngokuvamile ingamashumi amathathu, ishiwo ngokuqiniseka. Inombolo ayiphuthi kangako kodwa ayinamsuka: incike ngokuphelele ekutheni inombolo yokuqala ibalani nokuthi umkhawulo womhlinzeki uthumelani ngempela. Ku-pseudowire ye-Ethernet izimo ziyabonakala, futhi uma usuzibhalile, izibalo zithatha indawo yendaba.

Izinto ezintathu ezahlukene zikalwa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa. Kukhona iphakethe le-IP lekhasimende, uhlaka lwe-Ethernet oluthwalwa ku-pseudowire, kanye nokwakhiwa kohlaka lwangaphandle komhlinzeki ngokwakhe. Isabelomali esizixubayo sikhiqiza inani okungekho nsimu yedivayisi eyilindelayo.

Isabelomali esisodwa esibaliwe nezimo zonke ezishiwo

Thatha iphakethe le-IP lekhasimende lamabhayithi angu-1500, isihloko se-Ethernet esivamile esithwalwa ku-pseudowire ngaphandle kwe-FCS yekhasimende, akukho thegi ye-VLAN egciniwe, isitaki samalebula anezinto ezimbili kanye negama lokulawula lamabhayithi amane. Isihloko se-Ethernet esithwalwayo sengeza u-14, amathegi agciniwe awengezi lutho, izinto ezimbili zelebula zengeza u-8 ngoba into ngayinye ingamabhayithi angu-4, futhi igama lokulawula lengeza u-4. Lokho kunikeza amabhayithi angu-1526 ephakethe eligoqwe nge-MPLS.

Funda umphumela ngokucophelela. Awufaki isihloko sangaphandle se-Ethernet somkhawulo womhlinzeki kanye ne-FCS yakho, futhi kuyisibonelo, hhayi into engaguquki okufanele iqoshwe kunoma iyiphi insimu ebizwa nge-MTU. Amalebula amabili nawo ayisimo: isitaki sangempela singathwala ilebula yokuthutha, ilebula yensiza futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu, futhi into ngayinye ibiza lawo mabhayithi angu-4 afanayo.

Yini ereqa ku-pseudowire ngempela

I-RFC 4448 ichaza ukuthi izinhlaka ze-Ethernet zihamba kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-MPLS, futhi kumodeli yayo evamile isandulela ne-FCS yekhasimende kukhishwa ekungeneni futhi kwenziwe kabusha ekuphumeni. Yingakho i-FCS ingabonakali kwisabelomali esingenhla. Ukuphathwa kwe-VLAN kuncike kumodi yensiza: imodi egcina amathegi ekhasimende yengeza amabhayithi awo emuva, futhi imodi ewabonisa ayikwenzi lokho. Ukugcinwa okwengeziwe noma ukugoqwa okwengeziwe kufanele kubalwe phezulu.

Igama lokulawula liyingxenye yezibalo ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho lisetshenziswa. I-RFC 8469 iyincoma kuma-pseudowire e-Ethernet, ngakho umbhalo omdala oyichaza njengokuzikhethela awusona ubufakazi bokuthi indlela yakho iyishiya. Qinisekisa imodi yensiza yangempela nomhlinzeki esikhundleni sokuyiqagela kusukela kumdwebo.

Qhathanisa inombolo nensimu efanele

Manje beka usayizi ogqokiwe odingekayo eduze komkhawulo ngamunye ofanele, naseduze kwencazelo yomkhiqizi yomkhawulo owuhlelayo. Ezinye izinkambu zichaza iphakethe le-IP, ezinye zichaza uhlaka noma omunye umkhawulo wokugoqa. Izinombolo ezimbili zingabukeka zifana kodwa zichaza amandla ahlukene, futhi yileyo ndlela ukuhlelwa okubonakala kufanele okukhiqiza ukulahleka emkhiqizweni.

Yingakho futhi ukukopisha inani phakathi kwamapulatifomu angenabo ubudlelwano kuyingozi. Igama lensimu liwukucaciswa, hhayi inombolo yedesimali oyikhumbulayo kusuka kukhonsoli yomunye umkhiqizi.

Imithwalo ye-ping ayiwona amanani e-MTU

Umthwalo we-ping ye-IPv4 awuwona i-IP MTU. Isihloko se-IP nesihloko se-ICMP nakho kusebenzisa amabhayithi, ngakho usayizi womthwalo ophumelelayo uhambisana nephakethe elikhulu ocingweni. Ukuhlola okudlula kosayizi oyedwa nakho akusho lutho mayelana nensiza esebenzisa enye imodi ye-VLAN noma isitaki samalebula esijule. Ukuhlola kukala indlela eyodwa, usayizi oyedwa kanye nesimo somthwalo esisodwa, futhi insiza ingashintsha zontathu.

Okubi nakakhulu, i-ping ingaphumelela ngesikhathi izinhlaka ezinkulu zihluleka, ngoba ukuhlola kwasebenzisa indlela nosayizi okungasetshenziswa neze ukuxhumana kwangempela. Kuthatha njengephoyinti ledatha elilodwa mayelana nokufinyeleleka, hhayi njengokucaciswa kwensiza yesigaba 2.

Lapho uhlaka lungangeni

Uma izinhlaka ezinkulu kakhulu zingeke zithwalwe futhi kungekho ndlela yokuhlukanisa noma yokuphinda ihlanganiswe esekelwayo, ziyalahlwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwephutha elicacile emaphethelweni womabili. Izinhlelo zibese zibonisa ukuphela kwesikhathi ekudlulisweni kwenqwaba ngesikhathi amaseshini okuxhumana ehlala enempilo, okuthumela abantu ukuba babheke izindonga zomlilo nemizila esikhundleni sokubala amabhayithi.

Cacisa isabelomali sangempela nomhlinzeki: imodi yensiza, ukuphathwa kwamathegi, ukujula kwamalebula, igama lokulawula kanye nomkhawulo oqondile oseta idivayisi yakho. Bhala izimo eduze kwenombolo, ngoba uma kungenjalo unjiniyela olandelayo uzogcina ebambe umthetho wamabhayithi angamashumi amathathu kanye nendida.