I-VPN ikufihlani futhi ikushiya kusobala
I-VPN ifihla lapho uya khona kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela futhi ishintsha i-IP yakho yokuphuma. Kodwa ayikufihli ama-akhawunti, amakhukhi, isimo sedivayisi noma lokho umhlinzeki akubonayo.
Isimangalo sokuthi i-VPN ikwenza ungaziwa iyinsumansumane ebiza kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwemfihlo yabasebenzisi, ngoba iyingxenye iqiniso futhi ingxenye engelona iqiniso iyona abantu abathembela kuyo. Umhubhe ufihla ngempela lapho uya khona kunethiwekhi ohlala kuyo, futhi ufihla ikheli lakho lasekhaya kusayithi oyivakashelayo. Kodwa awukufihli ukuthi ungubani uma ungena, lokho isiphequluli sakho esikuthwalayo noma lokho umhlinzeki we-VPN angakubona. Umbuzo owusizo awukaze ube ngukuthi i-VPN iyakufihla yini, kodwa ukuthi kufihlwe kumuphi umbonisi, kuluphi ukuxhumana.
Insumansumane: umhubhe uyiswishi yokungaziwa
I-VPN ibethela ngemfihlo indlela phakathi kwedivayisi yakho nesiphakeli se-VPN, bese idlulisa izicelo zakho kusuka ekhelini lesiphakeli. Konke okuthumelayo ngaleyo ndlela kufihliwe kumhlinzeki we-Wi-Fi nakumhlinzeki we-inthanethi ongaphambi komhubhe. Lokho wushintsho lwangempela, yingakho inethiwekhi yehhotela ingasaboni ukuthi yimaphi amasayithi owavulayo. Lokhu akukona ukungaziwa, ngoba umhubhe ususa indawo yokubuka esikhundleni sokuyisusa.
Lokhu kulungiswa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni. Uma ungena ku-akhawunti yomsebenzi nge-VPN, isayithi lisayazi i-akhawunti. Uma isiphequluli sakho sinekhukhi yenethiwekhi yezikhangiso, umhubhe awusukhiphi. Uma iklayenti lilungiselelwe ukukhipha ukuxhumana kwendawo, lokho kuxhumana akungeni emhubheni. Ikilidi elibonakala livaliwe lichaza umhubhe, hhayi isamba salokho okukwembulile.
Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ilahlekelwa yini futhi igcine ini
Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela, okungumhlinzeki we-Wi-Fi noma umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ohambisa ukuxhumana kwakho kuya kusiphakeli se-VPN, isabona ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana kwe-VPN. Ingagcina ikheli lendawo yokugcina, isikhathi osungene ngaso, ubude besikhathi seshini kanye nenani ledatha elidlulile. Ukuhlaziywa kokuxhumana okuleso simo kungaba nolwazi ngisho noma okuqukethwe kungafundeki, yingakho okubethelwe nokungabonakali kuyizimangalo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Futhi igcina konke okusho kuyo ngqo: ukungena kwesango elibanjwe, inombolo yegumbi, inkokhelo yokufinyelela. Futhi isengabona i-DNS uma iklayenti noma isixazululi sohlelo sithumela imibuzo ngaphandle komhubhe. Lokho kuphuma kuvamile kuzilungiselelo zomhubhe ohlukanisiwe nasemadivayisini agcina isiphakeli se-DNS somzila noma somhlinzeki. Hlola isixazululi esisetshenziswayo ngenkathi uxhumekile, hhayi ikheli lokuphuma kuphela.
| Observer | Still sees | Hidden by the tunnel |
|---|---|---|
| Access network | VPN endpoint, timing, volume, portal login | Destination hostnames and content |
| Website | Exit address, account, cookies, fingerprint | Your ordinary public address |
| VPN operator | Destination IP, often the hostname, DNS if used | HTTPS content, unless it intercepts TLS |
| Device | History, app data, permissions, screen | Nothing |
Isayithi lisabona ini
Isayithi libona ikheli lokuphuma lesiphakeli se-VPN, hhayi ikheli lakho lasekhaya, kokuxhumana okusebenzisa umhubhe. Lokho ukuphela koshintsho ezingeni le-IP. Lokho elikubona ngale kwekheli akukashintshi: i-akhawunti oyingenayo, amakhukhi eyawabeka ngaphambili, isiphequluli nohlelo lokusebenza osethulayo, kanye nesikhathi sezicelo zakho. Isayithi esivele sikwazi asibi umfokazi ngoba ikheli lomthombo lishintshile.
Indawo ifanele umugqa wayo. Isayithi esicela indawo kusiphequluli sithola impendulo elawulwa imvume yesiphequluli, hhayi i-VPN. I-GPS ocingweni izimele kumhubhe. Ngakho ikheli elitholakala kwenye izwe ngenkathi imephu isabonisa idolobha lakho akulona iphutha le-VPN; yiziteshi ezimbili zendawo ezihlukene ezingavumelani.
Umphumela weminwe uyingxenye enye. Usayizi wesikrini, amafonti, isikhathi sendawo, ulimi kanye nokuphuma kwe-canvas kungahlukanisa iziphequluli ngisho noma ikheli labelwa nabanye abasebenzisi abayizinkulungwane. I-VPN ishintsha okokufaka okukodwa kuleyo profayela futhi ishiye okunye kungathintekile.
Umhlinzeki angabona ini
Umhlinzeki uqeda umhubhe wakho futhi udlulisa isicelo, ngakho uhlala lapho umhlinzeki wakho wayehlala khona. Angabona amakheli omgomo kanye, ngaphandle kokubingelela kweklayenti okubethelwe, amagama ezihambeli ozicelayo; ubona imibuzo ye-DNS uma usebenzisa isixazululi sakhe; ubona umthamo nesikhathi. Akakwazi ukufunda okuqukethwe kweseshini ye-HTTPS ngaphandle kokuyibamba ngesitifiketi idivayisi yakho eyethembayo, futhi lokho kuwukuhlaselwa okuhlukile nokunomsindo omkhulu.
Ukubonakala akukona ukugcina. Umhlinzeki angakwazi ngobuchwepheshe ukubona isicelo futhi angasigcini, noma agcine imethadatha yokuxhumana kuyilapho elahla okuqukethwe. Umbuzo othembekile ngukuthi inqubomgomo kanye nokubusa komhlinzeki kudinga ukuthi kugcinwe ini, futhi ibheji engenazo izingxelo ayiwuphenduli lowo mbuzo. Thatha umhlinzeki njengeqembu okhetha ukulithemba ngemethadatha yakho.
Idivayisi igcina ini, nomhubhe noma ngaphandle kwawo
Akukho lutho lomhubhe olufinyelela ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. Umlando wokuphequlula uhlala kusiphequluli, okulandiwe kuhlala kuhlelo lwamafayela, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza olunokufinyelela kumakrofoni noma kwisikrini lugcina lokho kufinyelela. Isofthiwe yokuqapha emshinini ingafunda idatha ngaphambi kokubethelwa noma ngemva kokuvulwa, yingakho i-VPN ingeyona isivikelo endaweni yokugcina eyehluliwe.
Kuyafana ngama-akhawunti. Ikhukhi yeshini elikopishiwe kusuka kudivayisi lisebenza kunoma yiliphi ikheli, futhi iphasiwedi esetshenziswa kabusha kuwo wonke amasayithi ixhuma ubunikazi okungekho mhubhe owuhlukanisayo. Uma usongo okhathazekile ngalo ngumuntu ophethe idivayisi, i-VPN ayiluxazululi.
Hlola ukumbozwa okuyikho owakuthenga ngempela
Hlola izici ozethembayo esikhundleni sesimangalo sokumaketha. Ngenkathi umhubhe uvuliwe, hlola ikheli lomphakathi, isixazululi se-DNS kanye nendlela ye-IPv6. Umhubhe we-IPv4 kuphela kunethiwekhi yezendlalelo ezimbili ungashiya ukuxhumana kwe-IPv6 ngaphandle ngokuphelele. Umhlahlandlela we-EFF wokukhetha i-VPN ubeka umbuzo ofanayo njengemodeli yosongo hhayi njengohlu lwemikhiqizo.
Bese uhlola indlela yokuziphatha lapho kwehluleka. Nqamula umhubhe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyama noma kubuyela emuva endleleni eqondile; lokho kuncike ekulungiselelweni kwe-kill-switch yeklayenti, hhayi egameni lephrothokholi. Ekugcineni, bhala uhlu lwezinhlelo nezandulela iklayenti elizishiyayo. Umhubhe ohlukanisiwe yilapho iningi lezimanga lihlala khona, ngoba ukumbozwa okuthengiwe yikho ukumbozwa iklayenti elilungiselelwe ukukunikeza.