I-imeyili ifinyelela iseva ngaphandle kwe-VPN: kuqinisekiswa kuphi umthetho

I-imeyili iyaqhubeka nokubuza futhi i-VPN ivaliwe, kodwa i-akhawunti isavumelanisa. Uhlelo lwenza lokho olulungiselelwe kona; akukho lutho kuphrofayela ye-imeyili evamile olusho ukuthi iseva ifinyeleleka kuphela ngomhubhe. Lokho kushiya izidingo ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi kulula ukuzihlanganisa: insiza kufanele yenqabe amaklayenti aqondile, noma i-Mac akufanele izame nhlobo.

Khetha isidingo ngaphambi kokukhetha umkhiqizo. Umthetho wesiseva nomthetho weklayenti kwehluleka ezindaweni ezihlukene, kukhiqiza ubufakazi obuhlukene futhi kungokwabanikazi abahlukene. Ukusebenzisa kokubili kuvumelekile lapho izitatimende zombili ziqinisile, kodwa okunye akuthathi indawo yokunye. Izidingo zombili zisemthethweni; nje akusona ukulawula okukodwa.

Uphawu lubukeka njenge-Mac, kodwa iseva ingaba ukuvuza

Lapho i-imeyili ivumelanisa ngaphandle komhubhe, qala ngalokho okwamukelwa iseva. Uma isilaleli se-imeyili siphendula ukuxhumana okuqondile okuvela ku-inthanethi, asikho isilungiselelo sokunethezeka ohlangothini lweklayenti esishintsha lelo qiniso. I-Mac iziphatha ngokujwayelekile maqondana nensiza esavulekile.

Buza umphathi we-imeyili ukuthi iyiphi ikheli lomthombo elibonwa yinsiza. Isango le-VPN, ummeleli ophambene noma isilinganisi somthwalo kungahumusha ikheli leklayenti, ngakho iphuli lamakheli kusilungiselelo se-VPN ingase ingahambisani nalokho okufika kunqubo ye-imeyili. Umthetho obhalwe ngokumelene nomthombo ongafanele uvimba wonke umuntu noma awuvimbi muntu.

Impendulo leyo isho futhi ukuthi insiza ingahlukanisa amaklayenti e-VPN nhlobo yini. Uma iklayenti ngayinye ifika ngekheli elifanayo lommeleli, ukwamukela okusekelwe kumthombo akukwazi ukuzahlukanisa, futhi isidingo kufanele sidlulele ekufakazelweni noma ohlangothini lweklayenti.

Ukwamukela kusiseva: nqaba umthombo, hhayi uhlelo

Ucingo lomlilo lwendawo yokubamba noma lwenethiwekhi lungakhawulela isilaleli se-imeyili emikhakheni yomthombo egunyaziwe kuyilapho ukufakazela kanye ne-TLS kungashintshiwe. Isimo somthetho esihambisana namakheli akude, amanethiwekhi amancane noma imikhakha siyisakhiwo esivamile; i-syntax eqondile ingeyomkhiqizo wocingo lomlilo wesiseva, hhayi uhlelo lwe-imeyili.

Lona umngcele onamandla kakhulu lapho isidingo sithi «insiza akufanele isebenzele amaklayenti aqondile». Uhlala khona ngisho umsebenzisi efaka iklayenti le-imeyili elihlukile, ngoba ukwenqaba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokufakazela. Uphinda umelane ne-Mac edebezela inqubomgomo yayo ye-VPN.

Umngcele wayo ubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ukuxhumana okwenqatshiwe kufakaza ukuthi insiza yenqabile isikhathi; akufakazi ukuthi i-Mac ayizange izame. Ukuxazululwa kwe-DNS, i-TCP SYN eya kwisilinganisi somthwalo sangaphambilini kanye nokuzama kabusha ngemva kokwehluleka konke kungenzeka ngaphambi kokufinyelela umthetho wesiseva. Uma isidingo sikhuluma ngokudalulwa kwemizamo hhayi ngokufinyelela, ukwamukela kusiseva kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokulawula.

Ukuphoqelela kuklayenti: vimba umzamo, hhayi umhubhe kuphela

Umthetho ohlangothini lweklayenti kufanele wenqabe uhambo, hhayi nje ukuqala umhubhe lapho kuvulwa i-imeyili. Isiqhumisi sokusebenzisa sesizinda se-imeyili singakhuphula i-VPN ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa asichazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi umhubhe uvaliwe noma ngemva kokwehluleka kwawo.

Sebenzisa inqubomgomo yokuvimba esekelwayo yomkhiqizo wendawo yokugcina futhi ubeke ububanzi bayo ngamabomu. Umthetho wezinga lohlelo uhlanganisa yonke i-akhawunti kulolo hlelo lwe-imeyili, kuhlanganise neyomuntu siqu. Umthetho wezinga lendawo okuyiwa kuyo kufanele usho izindawo zokugcina ze-IMAP, zokuthumela nezokuqinisekisa ze-akhawunti yomsebenzi, futhi kufanele uqhubeke usebenza lapho lawo makheli eshintsha.

Hlanganisa imindeni emibili yamakheli nezikhathi ezikhona. Inqubomgomo evimba ukuxhumana okusha kwe-IPv4 kodwa ishiye i-IPv6 noma isokhethi esivele sikhona ingenakusebenza ikhiqiza ukuvumelanisa kwezikhathi okubonakala kungahleliwe. Izinguquko zenethiwekhi nemijikelezo yokulala ziyingxenye yokuhlolwa okufanayo.

Imithertho yezinga lohlelo neyezinga lendawo okuyiwa kuyo inomthelela ohlukene

Ukuvimba kwezinga lohlelo kuqondakala kalula: akukho hambo oluphuma ku-Imeyili ngaphandle komhubhe. Futhi kuyakhahlela, ngoba uhlelo olufanayo lungaba ne-akhawunti yomuntu siqu engahlobene neze nenqubomgomo. Abasebenzisi babona lokhu kuqala futhi bakubika njengohlelo lwe-imeyili oluphukile.

Ukuvimba kwezinga lendawo okuyiwa kuyo kuncane futhi kunzima ukukunakekela. Kudinga isethi ephelele yezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa i-akhawunti, kuhlanganise nezinsiza zokuthola nokuqinisekisa, kanye nenqubo yokuzibuyekeza. Kugeleza eyodwa futhi i-akhawunti isebenza ingxenye; ufake eziningi kakhulu futhi i-imeyili engahlobene iyama.

Khetha ngokusho kwamagama esidingo. «Le akhawunti yomsebenzi akufanele ixhumane ngqo» ikhomba ububanzi bendawo okuyiwa kuyo. «Le Mac akufanele iqhubekise i-imeyili ngaphandle kwe-VPN» ithethekisela umthetho obanzi wohlelo, inqobo nje uma umnikazi emukela umphumela oseceleni we-akhawunti yomuntu siqu.

Hlola ukwenqaba nokungabikho ngokwehlukana

Nge-akhawunti yokuhlola ezinikezelwe, xhuma nge-VPN futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okujwayelekile. Bese unqamula futhi uhlole kabili: kanye ukubona ukuthi iseva iyayenqaba yini ukungena, futhi kanye ukubona ukuthi i-Mac izama noma yikuphi ukuxhumana yini. Lokhu kuyimibono ehlukene futhi kungokwamarekhodi ahlukene.

Bheka ubufakazi ohlangothini lweklayenti be-SYN noma umbuzo we-DNS ngesikhathi unqamule, kanye nerekhodi lesiseva ngesikhathi esenqatshiwe noma esamukelwe. Uma iseva inqaba kodwa iklayenti isazama, umthetho wesiseva uyasebenza futhi umthetho weklayenti awukho. Uma iklayenti ingazami kodwa iseva isamukela amanye amaklayenti, umngcele ukhona kanye lapho uwubeke khona.

Rekhoda umnikazi wokuphoqelela, ikheli lomthombo iseva elibona ngempela, kanye ne-akhawunti yokuhlola esetshenzisiwe. Ushintsho olulandelayo lwenethiwekhi noma lommeleli lungasusa lowo mthombo, futhi inothi elisho inani elibonwe lihlolwa ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela zokuqagela.