I-ping eya kwelinye ihlangothi le-IPv6 tunnel yakho iyahluleka? Hlola ikheli ::

Uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-IPv6 tunnel yakho luthumela i-ping kolunye, futhi uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela oluphendulayo. I-interface isebenza, umzila ubonakala ulungile, futhi akukho lutho kulogi oluchaza lokhu. Ikheli olinikezile yi-subnet-router anycast address, okungeyona neze i-host address, futhi kusixhumanisi esinamaphethelo amabili inenhloso eyodwa yokuletha: umthumeli. Akukho nani lesikhathi sokulinda elilungisa lokho, ngoba ikheli alikwenzi lokho ocabanga ukuthi likwenza.

Uphawu olukhomba ekheli

Wonke umuntu we-host kusixhumanisi uyaphendula ngaphandle kwalowo isihlonzi se-interface sakhe esingamazero onke. Iphakethe elibhalelwe leso simo lilethwa ku-router kusubnet ngokwencazelo, ngakho kusitini se-point-to-point libuyela emshinini olithumile. Kusukela eceleni elikude lokhu kufundwa njengozakwethu ongafinyeleleki; kusukela eceleni eliseduze kufundwa njengokuthula. Faka esinye isihlonzi esivela ku-prefix efanayo futhi uphawu luyanyamalala ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi olunye ushintsho, futhi lokho kuwukuqinisekisa okufanele kutholwe ngaphambi kokuthinta imizila.

Isihlonzi samazero onke sigcinelwe i-anycast

I-RFC 4291 igcina isihlonzi se-interface samazero onke njenge-subnet-router anycast address, ngakho i-/64 efana ne-2001:db8:4a::/64 ayinayo i-host esebenzisekayo ku-2001:db8:4a::. Lokhu kugcinelwa kunendawo yako: ama-router advertisements ne-neighbour discovery akhomba kuleso simo futhi i-router iphendula nge-prefix eyisebenzelayo. Ukunika lelo nani iphethelo le-tunnel kunika iqabunga indima ye-router, yingakho kungabuyi lutho. Noma isiphi esinye isihlonzi ku-prefix sisebenza njenge-host, ngakho ukulungisa ngokuvamile kuyidijithi eyodwa.

Thatha lokhu kugcinelwa njengendima ongenalo ilungelo lokuyithatha kusukela ephethelweni le-tunnel, hhayi njengento eyinqaba okufanele iyashwe ngomzila.

Nika amakheli e-host futhi uhambise i-prefix ngomzila

Khetha ::1 ne-::2 kumaphethelo amabili, engeza elilodwa nge-ip -6 addr add 2001:db8:4a::2/64 dev tun0, bese uhambisa i-prefix ekude ngomzila esikhundleni sokuzama ukuyinika ikheli. Umzila we-2001:db8:4a::/64 ophuma ku-tunnel wenza uhlangothi olukude lufinyeleleke; ikheli lodwa lenza i-interface yasendaweni ilungiselelwe.

Ku-tunnel ephelele kunesinyathelo sesithathu, umzila ozenzakalelayo we-unicast yomhlaba wonke odlula kudivayisi, okuyinto elingana ne-IPv6 yokuthumela konke ku-tunnel. Uma uwushiya, i-IPv6 iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa isixhumanisi somzimba ngenkathi i-IPv4 ihamba ngaphakathi ku-tunnel, ngakho i-host ikhipha impela ithrafikhi obenomqondo wokuthi ivaliwe. Qinisekisa nge-ip -6 route get 2001:4860:4860::8888 futhi ufunde ukuthi ibiza yiphi idivayisi esikhundleni sokucabanga impendulo.

I-multicast iyenqatshwa ngaphambi kokuhamba komzila

I-Android iqinisekisa amakheli nemizila ye-VpnService.Builder nge-LinkAddress, futhi leso sakhi senqaba i-multicast ngokusobala. Yinike i-prefix ye-multicast njengomzila futhi umphumela uba ukuhluleka kwe-bad LinkAddress parameters esikhundleni somzila, okuyimpendulo yokuqinisekisa hhayi eyenethiwekhi. Ukwenqaba kuhambisana nendawo: idivayisi ye-tun ye-point-to-point ayinayo i-link-layer multicast, ngakho umzila weqembu kuyo awunawo umfuziselo wokuletha ongafakwa. Amakheli eqembu adalwa futhi asetshenziswa i-stack ngokwayo esikhundleni sokuhlelwa ngesandla.

Amakheli e-IPv6 all-nodes ne-solicited-node awela ngaphansi komthetho ofanayo. I-interface iwathwala ngoba i-stack iwabeke lapho, hhayi ngoba inqubomgomo ethile ibiwahlozile.

Okungathwalwa i-tunnel esikhundleni salokho

Ukuhambisa ukutholakala kwe-multicast ngokusebenzisa i-tunnel kudinga ungqimba oluqondayo ubulungu beqembu: ibhuloho le-TAP elibonisa ingxenye ye-Ethernet, i-relay yezinga lohlelo lokusebenza, noma iphrothokholi yokuhambisa umzila etshelwe ngokusobala ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani okufanele ikopishe kuzo. Akukho kwalokho kumodeli ye-VpnService, lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lufunda futhi lubhala amaphakethe futhi lungenawo umyalo ohlanganyela iqembu le-tunnel. Noma engeza ingxenye eqonda amaqembu noma ususe isidingo kumklamo.

I-unicast, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayidingi okwengeziwe ngaphandle kwamakheli nemizila engenhla, yingakho ama-tunnel ngokuvamile elindeleke ukuba ayithwale bese kusolwa wona lapho iphrothokholi yokutholakala ihluleka.

Izihlolo ezintathu ngaphambi kokunika noma yini

Qinisekisa ukuthi ikheli akulona uhlobo lwe-anycast, qinisekisa ukuthi akulona i-multicast, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi i-prefix ihambiswe ngomzila hhayi nje ukunikezwa idivayisi. Bese uthumela ukuhlola kwakho endaweni eyi-host yangempela, ngoba i-ping eqondiswe ekhelini le-anycast ilinganisa umthumeli futhi ayisho lutho ngomzila. Bhala lezo zihlolo ezintathu kurekhodi loshintsho ukuze ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo kungaphindi kuzithole.

Umzila ongakaze ufakwe yipulatifomu awukwazi ukulungiswa ngokulinda isikhathi eside, futhi ikheli elingakaze libe yi-host alikwazi ukulungiswa nge-ping engcono.