Ithrafikhi ye-IPv6 edlula i-VPN: thola umzila ovuzayo

Amakhasi amabili okuhlola awavumelani: elinye libika ikheli lomhlinzeki ngomhubhe, elesibili libika isiqalo sasekhaya sakho, futhi isiphetho esisobala ukuthi i-VPN iyavuza. Leso siphetho seqa isinyathelo esisodwa, ngoba imibiko emibili yasebenzisa izinqumo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuhambisa futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo okwakufanele ingene emhubheni. Igebe ngokuvamile lingokoqobo, futhi liyinkinga yokumboza hhayi umhubhe ophukile. Imibuzo emithathu iyalinquma: yikuphi ukugeleza okwaphuma ngempela, yimuphi umzila i-kernel eyawukhetha, futhi yikuphi ukuziphatha iklayenti eyayikuhlosile.

Sebenza ngalolo hlelo. Ukuwaphendula ngaphandle kohlelo kudala ingxoxo ende yokuthi iklayenti linesici yini, kuyilapho impendulo yangempela iwukuthi awukaze ufakwe umzila we-IPv6.

Yikuphi ukugeleza okwaphuma ngempela, futhi kuyiphi i-adaptha

Qala ngokuhlola okusho umndeni osetshenzisiwe, bese ubhala uhlelo lokusebenza, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela, iphrofayela esebenzayo kanye nokuthi ukuxhumana kunikeza i-IPv6 noma cha. Lezi ziqiniso ezine zenza ukugijima okubili kuqhathaniseke, futhi okwesine abantu bayakhohlwa: inethiwekhi engenaso isiqalo se-v6 ayikwazi ukuvuza i-v6, futhi inethiwekhi eyengeza esinye kamuva ishintsha impendulo.

Thumela isicelo esisodwa ngomndeni ngamunye esikhundleni sokulayisha ikhasi nokufunda umphumela walo. Ikhasi elilodwa lingahlanganisa izinsiza ze-v6 ne-v4, inqubo yangemuva ingasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunethebhu engaphambi kwakho, futhi impendulo egciniwe ingaphila isikhathi eside kunoshintsho lwenethiwekhi oluzamayo ukuluhlola. Gxila endaweni oyihlolayo futhi uyibhale phansi, ukuze ukugijima okuphindwayo kukale into efanayo.

Ukufunda umzila okhethwe i-kernel

Ithebula lemizila liphendula umbuzo i-browser engakwazi ukuwuphendula. Buza uhlelo ukuthi indawo ethile iza kuphi, futhi ufake kokubili imithetho yenqubomgomo kanye nomzila ozenzakalelayo obonakalayo, ngoba kokubili kungawudlula:

ip -6 route get 2606:4700:4700::1111
ip -6 rule show
ip -6 route show table all

Isiqalo esicacile kakhulu siyisizathu esivamile sokuthi indawo eyodwa ihlale ngaphandle komhubhe ngenkathi konke okunye kuhlala ngaphakathi, futhi umthetho wenqubomgomo ungenza okufanayo ngokubaluleka okuphezulu kunanoma yimuphi umzila. Funda nesilinganisi, ngoba izingeno ezimbili zesiqalo esifanayo zinqunywa isilinganisi hhayi ukulandelana kwazo esibukweni. Ku-Windows uhlu olulinganayo Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv6, luhlelwe ngesilinganisi ukuze luhambisane nokulandelana kwesinqumo. Umthetho obonakala ulungile ethebuleni usengahlulwa umthetho wenqubomgomo onenombolo ephansi, yingakho uhlu lwemithetho luhamba kanye nohlu lwemizila ngomoya munye.

Inqubomgomo ye-IPv6 yeklayenti ivela kuphi

Iklayenti ingakhiwa ukuze ihambise i-v6 ngomhubhe, ukuyinqaba, noma ukuvumela okuhlukile okuqanjwe igama, futhi lezi zinhloso ezintathu zinikeza imiphumela emithathu elungile ehlukene. Funda iphrofayela kanye nemibhalo yeklayenti uqobo ngaphambi kokubiza ukubona ngokuthi ukuvuza, ngoba iklayenti evimba i-v6 ngenkathi uhlelo lokusebenza lusathumela ukutholwa komakhelwane kusixhumanisi somzimba yenza ngendlela eyakhelwe ngayo.

Uhlelo lokusebenza olukhishwe ngamabomu emhubheni luyicala elihlukile kumndeni umhubhe ongakaze uwuthwale. Eyokuqala isinqumo mayelana nohlelo olulodwa, eyesibili iyigele ekuphambukeni, futhi ukulungisa kuyahluka ngokufanele. Funda uhlu lwezinhlelo ezikhishiwe zeklayenti ngaphambi kokufuna umzila okwakungafanele ube khona.

Ukubona okuncane, lapho ithebula lingavumelani

Lapho ukusesha komzila kungacacile, ukubona okukodwa kwesixhumanisi kusibungu kungakunquma, kodwa kuphela uma kubhekiswe kumbuzo. Ithrafikhi eya endaweni yokugcina ye-VPN ngokwayo izodlula i-adaptha yomzimba ngokwakhiwa; okubalulekile ukuthi ukugeleza kohlelo lokusebenza, okukhonjwe kwenye indawo ngokuphelele, nakho kuyavela lapho. Hlunga ukuthwebula endaweni oyihlolayo esikhundleni sokuqoqa konke.

Ukuthwebula okubanzi kudalula ithrafikhi yomuntu siqu eminingi kakhulu kunalokho okudingwa umbuzo owodwa. Futhi kuphendula ngokungacaci, ngoba ukugeleza okukhathazayo kufika kugqitshiwe emfudlaneni wokuxhumana okungahlobene. Hlunga endaweni ehloliwe, yeka ngemuva kwamaphakethe ambalwa, bese ususa ukuthwebula.

Izindlela ezintathu zokuvala igebe

Hambisa umndeni ngomhubhe, uvimbe eklayenti lapho umhubhe ungakwazi ukuwuthwala, noma rekhoda okuhlukile ngamabomu nomnikazi kanye nosuku lokubuyekezwa. Ngakunye kuyavikeleka, futhi into eyodwa engavikeleki ukushiya ukukhetha kungaqondile, ngoba ukukhetha okungaqondile yikho kanye ukuvuza. Uma umhubhe ungenawo nhlobo umgudu wokuphuma we-v6, ukwenqaba i-v6 eklayenti kuyathembeka futhi kuyahlolwa. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukukhetha kubhalwe lapho umuntu olandelayo ezokuthola khona, hhayi ukucatshangwa esimweni sokuziphatha ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva.

Phinda isheke ngemuva kokuxhuma kabusha nangemuva kokuhamba phakathi kwenethiwekhi, ngoba umzila owafakelwa isixhumanisi esedlule ungadlula ushintsho. Bese ubhala indawo, umzila okhethiwe, inqubomgomo yeklayenti kanye nomndeni owasetshenziswa ukuhlola, ukuze umuntu olandelayo afunde isinqumo esikhundleni sokuphinda asithole.RFC 7359 ibhala ukuvuza kwezendlalelo ezimbili njengenkinga yokwakhiwa hhayi iphutha, futhi iyisithenjwa okufanele sishiwo lapho othile ethi umhubhe we-v4 osebenzayo uhlanganisa konke.