Indlela yokufunda umzila we-DNS we-VPN ngokuxhumana ngakunye kusuka ku-resolvectl
I-resolvectl status ikhombisa amaseva, izizinda kanye nomzila ozenzakalelayo ngokuxhumana ngakunye. Zifunde ndawonye, bese ubuza igama futhi uqaphele ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okuphendulile.
Gijimisa i-resolvectl status futhi uthola udonga lwamabhulokhi ngokuxhumana ngakunye, ngakunye kunamaseva akho kanye nomugqa wezizinda wawo. Umugqa onquma umzila uhlu lwezizinda, hhayi ikheli leseva yamagama, ngoba i-stub yasendaweni ithumela yonke imibuzo kukuxhumana okufuna igama. Funda lezo zimangalo ngaphambi kokufunda impendulo, bese ubuza igama futhi uhlole ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okukukhiqizile. Impendulo engalungile evela kukuxhumana okulungile iyinkinga ehlukile kunempendulo elungile evela kukuxhumana okungalungile.
Ibhulokhi ngayinye yokuxhumana ikutshela ini
Ibhulokhi ngayinye ibala amaseva azosetshenziswa isixazululi kuleyo interface, uhlu lwezizinda kanye nokuthi ukuxhumana kungumzila ozenzakalelayo yini. Uhlu lwezizinda luyiqoqo lezimangalo, futhi isixazululi sisebenzisa ukufanisa kwesijobelelo eside kakhulu: umbuzo we-host.corp.example ufunwa ukuxhumana okuphethe i-corp.example ngaphambi kwalokho okuphethe umzila ozenzakalelayo kuphela. Ukuxhumana okubili okufuna isijobelelo esifanayo kushiya umphumela ekuqondeni nasekuhlelweni, yingakho izimpinda zifanele ukunakwa kuqala. Umugqa weseva yamanje ukhombisa ukuthi yisiphi seva kulezo ezibalwe esisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ikheli le-stub elifana ne-127.0.0.53 ku-/etc/resolv.conf lisho kuphela ukuthi i-stub ingaphambili. Alisho umthombo ophezulu ophendulile, yingakho ukuxilonga okusekelwe ku-resolv.conf kuphela kuyama.
Funda izinhlobo ezintathu zokufakwa kwezizinda ngendlela efanele
| Ukufakwa | Kufuna ini | Iphutha elivamile |
|---|---|---|
| corp.example | isizinda somzila nesijobelelo sokusesha: amagama angaphansi kwaso aya kulolu kuxhumana, futhi uchungechunge lwengezwa emagameni angenalutho | kususiwe ngoba umzila ubonakala usebenza noma kunjalo |
| ~corp.example | umzila kuphela: amagama angaphansi kwaso aya kulolu kuxhumana, kodwa isijobelelo asingezelelwa | kwacatshangwa ukuthi kudingekile emzileni |
| ~. | umzila ozenzakalelayo: kufuna imibuzo okungekho okunye ukuxhumana okuyihlanganisayo | kwashiywa kusebenza kuphrofayela ehlukanisiwe, ngakho amagama omphakathi alandela umhubhe |
I-tilde ishintsha ukuziphatha kokusesha, hhayi umzila. Ukufakwa okungenayo i-tilde kuyisizinda somzila kanye nesizinda sokusesha, ngakho amagama angaphansi kwaso athunyelwa kulolo kuxhumana futhi amagama anelebula elilodwa engezwa isijobelelo. Ukufakwa okune-tilde kuhambisa isijobelelo esifanayo kodwa kusigcina ngaphandle kohlu lokusesha. Yingakho ukususa i-tilde kushintsha ukuthi yimaphi amagama angenalutho axazululwayo, futhi yingakho i-tilde engekho iyinkinga yokusesha, hhayi ukwehluleka kwe-DNS ehlukanisiwe.
Ukufakwa komzila ozenzakalelayo kufuna konke okungekho okunye ukuxhumana okukuhlanganisayo. Iphrofayela yomhubhe ogcwele ivamise ukuyifuna futhi iphrofayela ehlukanisiwe ivamise ukungayifuni, ngoba amagama omphakathi abe esehamba eya kusixazululi esiyimfihlo futhi angasehluleka lapho. Funda ithebula ngokuhambisana nenhloso yephrofayela esikhundleni sokukopisha amafulegi phakathi kwamaphrofayela. Lapho ukuxhumana okubili kufuna isijobelelo esifanayo, xazulula indaba yokuqonda ngaphambi kokuhlela okunye.
Buza igama bese ubona ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okuphendulile
Umyalo ongaphansi query uphrinta ikheli, iphrothokholi kanye nokuxhumana noma ububanzi obukhiqize impendulo. Hlola igama elilodwa okufanele lifunwe isijobelelo esiyimfihlo kanye negama elilodwa lomphakathi elivamile, bese uqhathanisa imithombo ebikiwe. Uma igama eliyimfihlo liphendula lisuka kukuxhumana okungenantambo, isimangalo asikho noma umhubhe uphansi; uma igama lomphakathi kuphrofayela ehlukanisiwe liphendula lisuka emhubheni, umzila ozenzakalelayo ubanzi kakhulu. Lokho kwehluleka okubili kubonakala kufana esipheqululini futhi kuphambene kule okukhiphayo.
resolvectl status
resolvectl query host.corp.exampleQaphela futhi iphrothokholi ebikiwe, ngoba impendulo evela kunqolobane noma efayeleni le-hosts ingafika ngaphandle kokubuza umthombo ophezulu. Impendulo evela kunqolobane ifakazela ukuthi igama laxazululwa ngesinye isikhathi, hhayi ukuthi inqubomgomo yamanje ilihambisa ngendlela efanele.
Hlukanisa umzila wamagama kumzila wamaphakethe
Isinqumo sesixazululi asidali indlela. Iseva ekhethiwe isadinga umzila oya ekhelini layo, futhi ikheli elibuyisiwe lisadinga umzila ongena kunethiwekhi eyimfihlo, ngakho inqubomgomo ye-DNS efanele ingaba khona kanye nokuxhumana okungavulwa neze. Lapho igama lixazululwa futhi uhlelo lwekhompyutha luhluleka, hlola ikheli nomzila esikhundleni sokuphinda ushintshe i-DNS. Ukuxazululwa kwamagama nokufinyeleleka kuyimibuzo emibili enabanikazi ababili abehlukene.
Izinhlelo zingadlula ngokuphelele isixazululi sohlelo ngokusebenzisa isilungiselelo sazo se-DNS esiphephile noma isixazululi esifakiwe. Umphumela we-resolvectl uchaza indlela yohlelo, futhi isiphequluli esingayinaki sizokungavumelani nakho konke ukuhlola okwenzayo. Hlola leso silungiselelo ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi inqubomgomo yephukile.
Bhala ikheli igama elixazululelwe kulo eceleni kokuxhumana. Igama elifanele elikhomba ekhelini elingalungile iyinkinga yerekhodi, hhayi umzila.
Hlola futhi ngemva kokuba ukuxhumana kushintshile
Ukuxhuma kabusha noma ukushintsha okungenantambo kwakha kabusha isimo sokuxhumana, futhi umphathi wenethiwekhi angafaka kabusha izizinda namaseva akhe phezu kwakho konke okusetwe ngesandla. Bese ubuza lawo magama amabili futhi uqhathanise nomugqa oyisisekelo obekiwe. Uma ukuhlela kwesandla kunyamalele, isilungiso sisekuphrofayela yokuxhumana hhayi emyalweni we-shell. Ukubhala ngaphambi nangemva yikho okwenza lokho kubonakale.
Yabelana kuphela ngamagama nomongo weseva odingwa umbiko, ngoba izijobelelo zangaphakathi zembula ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi. Imibhalo ye-systemd-resolved mayelana nomzila wezizinda ihlanganisa umthetho wokufanisa omude kakhulu nokuziphatha kwe-tilde, futhi ukufunda kanye kuvimbela iningi lamaphutha ethebula ngenhla: umzila wemibuzo ku-systemd-resolved.