Ukungafani kwe-duplex embotsheni yesango le-VPN: funda iziphetho zombili

Ikhopi lefayela elihamba ngomhubhe liyema isikhashana, liqhubeka, futhi amarekhodi e-VPN awabonisi lutho. Uhlelo lusola inethiwekhi, inethiwekhi isola uhlelo, futhi imbobo yeswishi isisebenza izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Lo mhlahlandlela uqala ekumisweni futhi uya ngaphandle uze ufike ekuxhumaneni komzimba: ukuthi imbobo yenzani ngempela, ukuthi isiphetho esikude senzani, nokuthi izibali zenzani ngesikhathi ubuka. Kufanelekile ukukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuba othile athinte isilungiselelo se-duplex.

Qala ekumisweni, hhayi embotsheni

Chaza uphawu ngendlela engahlolwa. Ukuma cishe umzuzwana ngesikhathi sokudlulisa okukhulu kuyinkinga ehlukile kunokuxhumana okuqalwa kabusha, futhi ikhefu elenzeka kanye ngehora lihlukile kunalelo elenzeka njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa. Bhala umthwalo, indlela kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe.

Bese ukuphinda lokho ngesikhathi ubheka isixhumanisi. Inkinga yomzimba ibonakala njengokunyakaza kwezibali ngesikhathi somthwalo othintekile, futhi inkinga enganyakazisi izibali nhlobo cishe isezingeni elingaphezu kwelokuxhumana. Buka umzuzu, hhayi umzuzwana, ngoba lawa maphutha avame ukudinga ukuhamba okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokuvela. Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho akufakazeli lutho mayelana nokuxhumana okuziphatha kabi kuphela ngaphansi komthwalo.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukungafani kwe-duplex kunesiginesha: amaphutha avela kuphela ngaphansi komthwalo, ngendlela yokuhamba, kuyilapho ama-ping amancane nemihlangano yokusebenzisana kuhlala kuphelele. Uma nokuhamba ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho kwehluleka, bheka kwenye indawo kuqala.

Funda imodi yokusebenza kuzo zombili iziphetho

Isilungiselelo esigciniwe akusiyo isimo sokusebenza. Imbobo ingase ilungiselelwe ukuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo bese igcina isikhonzi se-duplex, noma ilungiselelwe isivinini esingashintshi esingazange sivunyelwe yisiphetho esinye. Funda ukuthi ukuxhumana kwenzani manje ezinhlangothini zombili.

ethtool eth0
ethtool -S eth0 | grep -iE 'error|drop|collision|fcs'
ip -s link show eth0

Bhala isivinini, i-duplex nokuthi ukuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo kuvuliwe yini, bese uthola lokho kweqiniso kuthathu kuswishi eseduze noma embotsheni yomhlinzeki. Isiphetho esisodwa asisho lutho, ngoba ukungafani kuwubudlelwano hhayi isilungiselelo. Beka imigqa yomibili eceleni kwi-thikithi, nesikhathi owafunda ngaso. Ingxenye yokubaluleka kwalo msebenzi ukuba nokufunda kokubili endaweni eyodwa.

Uma ungakwazi ukufunda isiphetho esikude, awukwazi ukuhlola lokhu. Cela umnikazi imodi yokusebenza nezibali, noma uhlele ukufinyelela ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukushintsha uhlangothi lwakho.

Icala le-10/100 le-duplex engxenye libonakala kanjani

Emixhumaneni yethusi engu-10/100, isiphetho esixoxisana ngokuzenzakalelayo singathola isivinini somlingani ophoqelelwe ngaphandle kokufunda isilungiselelo sakhe se-duplex. Ukutholwa okuhambisanayo kunquma isivinini kusuka kusignali, futhi i-duplex icatshangwa esikhundleni sokuxoxisanwa ngayo, ngakho uhlangothi olulodwa lungagcina lukhona ku-duplex engxenye kuyilapho olunye lusebenza ngokugcwele.

Umhlahlandlela wokuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo we-Cisco uchaza lelo cala elithile. Akusiyo impikiswano yokucisha ukuxoxisana yonke indawo, futhi akusho lutho olusizo mayelana nethusi le-gigabit, lapho i-duplex ingashintshi futhi ukuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo kudingeka ukuze ukuxhumana kukhuphuke.

Ubufakazi obubonakalayo ingxube yamaphutha akhona ngendlela eyodwa kuphela: amaphutha e-FCS noma e-CRC ohlangothini lwe-duplex ephelele, ukungqubuzana noma ukungqubuzana sekwephuzile ohlangothini lwe-duplex engxenye, kanye nomthamo ohlulekayo ngaphansi komthwalo kuyilapho ukubambezeleka kuhlala kujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho. Lokho kungalingani yisiginesha. Ukuxhumana okumane kugcwele ngokweqile kuba kubi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Shintsha iziphetho zombili kanyekanye, ngendlela yokubuyela emuva

Ukulungisa i-duplex ukushintsha okuhleliwe, hhayi okwendawo. Ukuphoqelela uhlangothi lwakho ngaphandle kwemvume yesiphetho esikude kuyindlela ukuxhumana okusebenzayo okuba ngokwephukile, futhi ukwamukela kwe-CLI umyalo kufakazela kuphela ukuthi isakhiwo sasilungile.

sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full autoneg off
ethtool eth0

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa into enjalo, qinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo sisekela leyo nhlanganisela nokuthi isiphetho esikude sizoshintshwa esikhathini esifanayo. Gcina indlela ezimele yokuphatha idivayisi, ngoba imbobo osethe ukushintsha ingase ibe yona ethwala umhlangano wakho wokuphatha.

Emixhumaneni eminingi yesimanje impendulo efanele ukuvumela ukuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo kuvuliwe kuzo zombili iziphetho esikhundleni sokuphoqelela okuthile. Ukuphoqelela kuwumuthi wokungafani okuthile kubuchwepheshe obuthile, hhayi ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi ithusi le-gigabit lidinga ukuxoxisana okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ukuxhumana kukhuphuke, ngakho iseluleko se-10/100 asidluliseli.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izibali zinyakaze zaya endaweni engcono

Ngemva koshintsho, funda futhi isimo sokusebenza kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ziyavumelana. Bese usebenzisa umthwalo ofanayo owadala ukuma futhi qhathanisa umehluko wezibali hhayi izamba zokuphila konke, ngoba isamba esiqoqwa unyaka wonke asikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi kwenzekani emizuzwini eyishumi edlule.

ethtool -S eth0 | grep -iE 'error|drop|collision|fcs'
ip -s link show eth0
ping -f -c 200 10.90.0.1

Ukuxhumana okungenamaphutha amasha ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo ubufakazi obukushiyela. Ukuxhumana okusagxeka, noma lokho izibali zakho ezingazange zinyakaze nhlobo, kukuthumela emkhawulweni olandelayo hhayi ngokujula engxoxweni ye-duplex. Yomibili imiphumela iyintuthuko, okuyinto engaphezu kwalokho okunganikezwa yifayela lesilungiselelo. Ungatshiki ukufunda kwesibili ngoba okokuqala kwabonakala kulungile.

Bhala izinombolo zangaphambi nangemuva kwi-thikithi namasitembu esikhathi. Yilowo rekhedi oguqula «i-VPN izwakala kangcono» kube yinto injiniyela elandelayo engakha phezu kwayo.