Indlela yokubhala ukukhishwa emthethweni kwe-VPN ukuze kukwazi ukususwa
Ukukhishwa okungekho muntu ongakuchaza kuhlala njalo. Bhala umkhondo owuvumelayo, imfuneko, ukuziphatha lapho kwehluleka kanye nengxenye eyikususayo.
Izindlela zokudlula ezinhlosho zazo zahamba nombhali wazo yizo eziphila isikhathi eside kunokusizakala kwazo, futhi izinqubomgomo zokukhiya ziziqoqa ngokushesha kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuhlela. Ukukhishwa okubhalwe ngokuthi «vumela inethiwekhi yasendaweni» kuwumthetho okungekho muntu ongawuvikela futhi okungekho muntu ongawuhoxisa, ngoba imfuneko engemuva kwawo yahamba nomuntu oyifakile. Lezo zinqubomgomo zehluleka ngokuthwala ukukhishwa okwashabalala isizathu sayo kwathi ingozi yasala. Isikhathi sokubhala ububanzi, ukuziphatha lapho kwehluleka kanye nesinyathelo sokususa yisikhathi lapho wengeza khona ukukhishwa, ngesikhathi othile esakhumbula ukuthi kungani.
Lesi yisinqumo mayelana nokuthi inothi kufanele ibe nakho, hhayi isifanekiso sokugcwalisa. Izinkambu ezine ezingezansi yizo ezinquma ukuthi umhloli angawususa yini umthetho ngemva konyaka ngaphandle komhlangano. Ngayinye ikhona ngoba ukungabikho kwayo kunezindleko ezingabikezelwa.
Kungani ukudlula okungabhalwanga kungasuswa neze
Ukudlula okungenayo incazelo akukwazi ukuhlolwa futhi ngakho akukwazi ukususwa ngokuphephile. Kusinda kukho konke ukubuyekezwa ngoba ukususa kubonakala kuyingozi kuyilapho ukugcina kubonakala kungenangozi, futhi konke ukubuyekezwa okukudlulayo kwenza okulandelayo kube lula nakho ukukudlula. Izindleko azibonakali kuze kube yilapho ucwaningo lubuza ukuthi kungani ibanga elizimele likhishiwe, futhi ngaleso sikhathi impendulo iwukuxhawula amahlombe.
Irekhodi kufanele libe lifushane ngokwanele ukuthi abantu balibhale ngempela efasiteleni lokushintsha. Umugqa owodwa womkhondo, owodwa wemfuneko ewukhonzayo.
Ukubhala ububanzi njengomkhondo
Bhala uhlu lohlelo noma ibanga lomgomo, imindeni yamakheli ethintekayo, isevisi kanye nechweba, kanye nomongo wenethiwekhi lapho umthetho usebenza khona, bese usho umgunyazi kanye nokuhlelwa okuqondile kwekhasimende noma kwesikhulumi okukuthwelayo. «Iphrinta» iyinhloso; «TCP 631 kuya ku-192.168.1.50, inethiwekhi yasekhaya kuphela» ububanzi umuntu angabuqinisekisa. Uma impendulo ku-«kuhlala kuphi lokhu» iyithi «kwenye indawo kuphrofayela ye-MDM», irekhodi alikapheli. Indlela yefayela, igama lephrofayela noma ukhiye werejista kungcono kunencazelo yokuthi ukuhlelwa kungaba kuphi.
Lapho isikhulumi sisekela imithetho ngohlelo ngalunye, khetha yona kunamabanga amakheli, ngoba ukuvumela uhlelo olulodwa ukuba ludlule umhubhe kuncane kunokukhulula yonke inethiwekhi encane ezimele futhi kuyasinda lapho idivayisi ithuthela ekhelini elisha. Umhlahlandlela we-VpnService we-Android uchaza leyo modeli ngohlelo ngalunye; amakhasimende edeskithophu aveza umqondo ofanayo ngokuhlelwa kwawo kwephrofayela. Ukukhishwa okusekelwe ekhelini kuyindlela yokugcina lapho isikhulumi singanikeli lutho oluncane kunalokho, yingakho kudinga umugqa wobubanzi obukhali kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezine zokukhishwa, izingozi ezine zokususa
Ukukhishwa akulona uhlobo olulodwa, futhi ukukususa kuletha imiphumela ehlukene. Ukwabelana ngomugqa owodwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili yiyo indlela yokuthi ukuhoxiswa kwephrinta kuhoxise nekhono lokuxhuma.
| Kind | Typical example | Removal risk |
|---|---|---|
| Endpoint bootstrap | reaching the gateway before the tunnel exists | high: nothing comes up without it |
| Captive portal | hotel or airport sign-in page | medium: only matters on untrusted networks |
| Local device | printer, casting target, test instrument | low: one service at one address |
| Excluded application | an app that must not use the tunnel | medium: depends on the app's own behaviour |
Gcina ukukhishwa kwe-bootstrap, kwesango, kwedivayisi nokohlelo emishadweni ehlukene ngisho nalapho kuhlangana khona ngokoqobo. Ukukhishwa kwebanga elizimele kunikeza ngokuthula ukufinyelela kumakhelwane ngamunye kuleyo nethiwekhi encane esikhundleni sedivayisi eyodwa obufuna ukuyifinyelela, futhi lowo umehluko phakathi kobubanzi ongabuvikela nalobo osethemba kuphela.
Yini eyenziwa ukudlula lapho umhubhe uwela
Buza imibuzo emithathu bese ubhala izimpendulo, ngoba yizo ezinquma ukuthi ukukhiya kungokoqobo yini. Ingabe ukukhishwa kuhlala kusebenziseka lapho umhubhe uwela: ku-captive portal kufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho akekho ongakwazi ukungena ngemva kwalokho, kuyilapho kumthombo ozimele ngokuvamile akufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubomgomo iwumhlobiso. Ingabe kusebenza kunoma yiliphi inethiwekhi noma endaweni ehlosiwe kuphela, ngoba umthetho obekelwe umkhawulo kunethiwekhi yasekhaya uziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunethiwekhi yomphakathi ethi ngengozi isebenzise ibanga elifanayo. Yonke impendulo ishintsha kokubili umthetho nenothi, ngakho umbuzo oshiywe ungenampendulo yisinqumo umuntu othile azosithatha ngokungalungile kamuva.
Umbuzo wesithathu uwukuthi kwenzekani lapho umgomo ushintsha ikheli lawo, lapho ukukhishwa okusekelwe esizindeni nokusekelwe ekhelini kwehlukana khona. Imithetho esekelwe esizindeni incike ekutheni ukuxazululwa kwenzeka nini nokuthi ikhasimende liwusebenzisa kanjani umphumela, ngakho ingase iyeke ngokuthula ukufanisa ngemva koshintsho olubonakala lungahlobene, futhi ukwehluleka kubonakala njenge-VPN ephukile hhayi njengokukhishwa okuphelelwe yisikhathi.
Hlola, phinda uhlole, futhi ubhale isinyathelo sokususa
Bhala ukuhlola okungenangozi kwendlela evunyelwe kanye necala elilodwa elenqatshiwe eliseduze: ikhasi lephrinta liyalayisha kanti ukwabelana ngamafayela kunethiwekhi encane efanayo akulayishi. Lolo bhangqwana lubonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kuncane, futhi yilo bhangqwana umhloli angaluphinda ngaphandle kokuqonda isicelo sokuqala. Bese usetha izinto ezibangela ukuhlola kabusha, ngoba ukukhishwa okungakaze kuhlolwe kabusha kusuka kude nemfuneko okwakubhalelwe yona, futhi lokho kusuka kuhlala kungabonakali kuze kube yilapho okuthile kuphuka.
Ekugcineni, bhala ukuthi umthetho ususwa kanjani ngengxenye ewumnikazi wawo, futhi gcina izimfihlo ngaphandle kwenothi. Ukuchaza isevisi nomzila akudingi neze ukhiye ozimele, igama lokugxila noma umlando wokuphequlula womuntu, futhi uhlu olufushane olunakekelwayo lungcono kunomthetho wesikhashana owaphila isikhathi eside kunomuntu owawubhala.