Ukuvimbela ukulungiselelwa kwe-VPN ku-Android: uhlu lokuhlola lokukhishwa
Nquma inqubomgomo, qinisekisa igunya onalo, hlola ukuziphatha ngezinga ngalinye, futhi gcina indlela egunyaziwe ehlala ixhunyiwe iphila ngaphambi kokuphoqelela.
Othile ucela ukuthi uvimbele abantu ekulungiseleleni i-VPN yabo ezintweni ze-Android eziphethwe. Impendulo ekhangayo iwumthetho we-firewall ovimba izingosi ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile. Leyo mpendulo yeqa indlela iplathifomu esebenza ngayo nendlela izinhlelo ezixhumanisa ngayo ngempela.
Isilawuli esisekelwayo ingumkhawulo wokuphatha kudivayisi noma kuphrofayela onayo, futhi unobubanzi obucacile, ukuziphatha okuncike kunguqulo, kanye nokuhlukile okufanele ukulungiselele ngamabomu.
Hamba kwezi zihlolo ezinhlanu ezingezansi ngokulandelana. Ngayinye ingachitha uhlelo, ngakho ma ekuqaleni kokokuqala okungamile.
Ukuhlola 1: nquma ukuthi akukho VPN kusho ukuthini
Izimfuneko ezimbili zicashe ngemuva komusho owodwa. Enye iwukuthi akekho umsebenzisi ongakha i-VPN yakhe. Enye iwukuthi i-VPN egunyaziwe yenhlangano kuphela engasebenza. Zombili zisemthethweni, futhi zikhiqiza ukulungiselelwa okuhlukene, izindaba zosekelo ezihlukene kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka ezihlukene.
Bhala ukuthi iyiphi kuzo oyithengayo ngaphambi kokuthinta noma iyiphi ikhonsoli yokuphatha. Uma inhloso kuwumhubhe owodwa ogunyaziwe wawo wonke umuntu, usetshenzisa indlela egunyaziwe enomkhawulo osizungezile; uma inhloso kungekho mihubhe nhlobo, kufanele futhi wamukele ukuthi izindlela zokufinyelela kude nokuxazulula izinkinga ziyoshintsha.
Yenza iphutha lapha futhi ukukhishwa kuyobonakala kusebenza ngenkathi kunqamula buthule i-VPN umsebenzi oncike kuyo, okuvame ukutholwa umuntu osemsebenzini ngesikhathi esingalungile.
Ukuhlola 2: qinisekisa igunya onalo ngempela
I-Android iveza umkhawulo nge- UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_VPN, okubhalwe ku- incwadi yereferensi ye-UserManager. Ivimbela ukulungiselelwa nokuqaliswa kwe-VPN, futhi akusona isilungiselelo uhlelo olujwayelekile olungalusebenzisa kulo ngokwalo noma kwezinye izinhlelo.
Isetshenziswa umphathi ogunyaziwe: umnikazi wedivayisi yedivayisi yonke, noma umnikazi wephrofayela yephrofayela ephethwe, futhi lelo gunya lifanayo liyatholakala kumnikazi wephrofayela ngaphakathi kwephrofayela ephethwe. Uma i-EMM yakho ingakwazi ukusebenza njengenye yalezo, awunaso lesi silawuli, futhi akukho ukulungiselelwa kwenqubomgomo ku-khonsoli okuzokwakha.
Ububanzi bubalulekile njengegunya. Umkhawulo osetshenziswe kuphrofayela yomsebenzi ulawula leyo phrofayela, hhayi uhlangothi lomuntu siqu lwefoni efanayo. Ukuchaza lokho njengokulawula konke umsebenzisi akwenzayo akulungile, futhi kuzohlolwa umuntu wokuqala ofaka i-VPN kuphrofayela yomuntu siqu futhi athole ukuthi iyasebenza.
Ukuhlola 3: azi ukuziphatha ngenuqulo ngayinye
Umkhawulo ushintshile kuzinguqulo, futhi umehluko unquma ukuthi ukukhishwa kwakho kuzokwenzani ngempela kumadivayisi asensimini.
| Umkhawulo weplathifomu | Ukuziphatha okubhaliwe |
|---|---|
| Umnikazi wedivayisi noma wephrofayela | Umkhawulo ungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwegunya lalowo mnikazi |
| API 24 nangaphezulu | I-VPN ehlala ixhunyiwe eyalungiselelwa umnikazi wedivayisi noma wephrofayela isaqaliswa uhlelo |
| API 31 nangaphezulu | Ukuvula umkhawulo kunqamula i-VPN umsebenzisi ayeyivele eyisebenzisa |
Umugqa we-API 31 yiwo omangaza abantu phakathi nokukhishwa: kuleyo divayisi ukuphoqelela akukona ukuhlotshanisa, kunqamula umhubhe owawusuvele usebenza. Hlela lokho njengesigameko esibonakalayo hhayi ushintsho lwezilungiselelo oluthule.
Umugqa we-API 24 yiwo okusindisa: i-VPN ehlala ixhunyiwe eyalungiselelwa umnikazi iyasinda emkhawulweni, futhi yikho okwenza indlela egunyaziwe ihlale itholakala.
Ukuhlola 4: gcina indlela egunyaziwe iphila
Lungiselela futhi uhlole i-VPN ehlala ixhunyiwe yenhlangano ngaphambi kokuphoqelela umkhawulo, hhayi ngemuva. Uma uphoqelela kuqala, amadivayisi alahlekelwa umhubhe kanye namathuluzi obekuzowasebenzisa ukuhlola wona ngasikhathi sinye.
Qinisekisa izinto ezintathu ngokucacile: ukuthi i-VPN ehlala ixhunyiwe yenziwa umnikazi hhayi umsebenzisi; ukuthi iqala kuleyo divayisi ngemuva kokuphoqelela; nokuthi iyasinda ekuqaliseni kabusha. Umhubhe ophuma ngesandla kuphela awuyona indlela egunyaziwe; uwumugqa wamathikithi okusekela.
Gcina indlela yokubuyisela enganciki ekutheni umhubhe uyasebenza. Ikhonsoli yokuphatha, indlela yomlawuli wendawo noma isiteshi esingaphandle kwebhendi konke kuyasebenza. Okungasebenzi ukucabanga ukuthi ungakwazi ukulungisa inqubomgomo eyephukile ngoxhumano inqubomgomo esanda kuyivala.
Ukuhlola 5: qinisekisa, bese uchaza umkhawulo ngokwethembeka
Hlola ngedivayisi yangempela nange-akhawunti yangempela. Qinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi akakwazi ukwengeza noma ukuqalisa i-VPN, qinisekisa ukuthi umhubhe ogunyaziwe uyaxhumana futhi uthwala ithrafikhi, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi iphrofayela yomuntu siqu isaziphatha njengoba kubhaliwe. Leyo miphumela emithathu iyimibandela yokwamukela.
Bese uqaphela okukushoyo. Umkhawulo ulawula ikhono le-VPN le-Android. Awuguquli konke ukuxhumana okuvunyelwe kube iphrothokholi ehloliwe, futhi awuvimbeli uhlelo ekuqondiseni izicelo zalo ngommeleli ocacile. Ukuvimba i-UDP 500, i-UDP 4500 kanye ne- OpenVPN ingosi eyodwa akusona isilawuli esifanayo, ngoba ithrafikhi ingahamba ngezindlela eziningi zokuthutha, kuhlanganise ne-HTTPS ebonakala ijwayelekile.
Uma imfuneko ibanzi kunekhono le-VPN, hlanganisa lokhu nenqubomgomo yokusabalalisa izinhlelo, izilawuli ze-akhawunti kanye nemikhawulo yenethiwekhi efanele imvelo. Futhi bhala okusalayo ngaphandle kobubanzi, ukuze kungabikho ozophinda umkhawulo oyingxenye njengophelele ekuhloleni okulandelayo.