Tunnel-ka RSVP-TE wuu shaqeynayaa, laakiin L3VPN-ka macmiilka ma laha waddo
Gaadiidka iyo adeeggu waa go’aamo gaar ah. Akhri xidhmada calaamadaha, si gaar ah u hubi xallinta tallaabada xigta iyo isku-xidhka VRF, ka dibna tijaabi hal qulqul macmiil oo dhab ah.
Labo kooxood ayaa labaduba sax noqon kara marka macmiilku soo sheego in VPN-ku xiran yahay oo kooxda gaadiidka ay soo sheegto in tunnel-ku wanaagsan yahay. LSP injineernimo-trafiik leh iyo MPLS L3VPN waxay ka jawaabaan su’aalo kala duwan: mid wuxuu u rarayaa baakadaha calaamadeysan xudunta, kan kalena wuxuu go’aamiyaa qaabka isku-xidhka wareegga baakadku ka tirsan yahay. Marka labaduba isku dhafaan, dooddu waxay ku wareegtaa goobo, sababtoo ah dhinab kastaa wuxuu cabbiraa shay ka duwan labada cabbirna way ansaxan yihiin.
Gaadiidku shaqeynayaa iyo adeeggu xiran yahay waa xaalad caadi ah
LSP wuu dhismi karaa, wuxuu qaadi karaa taraafikada oo wuu ka muuqan karaa nidaam kasta oo la-socod, halka adeegga macmiilku uu ahaanayo mid aan la isticmaali karin. Waxba ka mid ah isku-dhafkaas maaha mid iskhilaafsan, sababtoo ah tunnel-ku ma laha ra’yi ku saabsan haddii prefix fog jiro, haddii siyaasad soo-dejin ay aqbashay, ama haddii wareegga isku-xidhku uu gudbinayo fareemada.
Calaamadda sida caadiga ah muujisa jahawareerka waa mid aan isle’eg ahayn: ping-yada PE loopback-ka way guulaystaan halka martigeliyaha LAN-ka macmiilku waxba helin, ama taa lidkeeda. Qor cinwaannada shaqeeyay ka hor inta aadan sameyn aragti. Markaad ogaato inaad tijaabinayso laba shay oo kala duwan, tallaabada xigta waa inaad akhrido xidhmada calaamadaha halkii aad ka doodi lahayd qorshaha kee baa saxan. Laba cinwaan, laba milkiile, iyo sida caadiga ah laba qof oo kala duwan oo mid kastaa rumaysan yahay in kan kalena wax burburiyay.
U akhri xidhmada laba mas’uuliyadood
Calaamadda hoose waxaa iska leh adeegga, calaamadda sarena waxaa iska leh waddada. RFC 4364 wuxuu si fudud u sharraxayaa isku xigxiga: marka hore calaamadda waddada VPN ayaa la saaraa, ka dib baakaddaas calaamadeysan waxaa tunnel lagu mariyaa tallaabada xigta ee BGP, halkaas oo tunnel-ka injineernimo-trafiik uu calaamaddiisa ku saaro dushiisa.
| Object | Decision it encodes | Who owns it |
|---|---|---|
| Attachment and VRF | Which customer context receives the arriving packet | Edge configuration |
| VPN route and service label | Which remote forwarding context handles the destination | BGP VPN signalling |
| Transport LSP and tunnel label | How the core carries the packet to the BGP next hop | RSVP-TE or another tunnel mechanism |
PE-ga fog, calaamadda adeeggu waxay doorataa daaweynta, oo noqon karta raadinta VRF ama go’aan isku-xidh. Calaamaddaas lama beddeli karo mid kaliya gudubta xudunta, labaduna isma beddeli karaan xitaa marka labaduba ay ka muuqdaan isla xidhmad isla interface-ka.
Muxuu guusha RSVP caddeynaysaa iyo waxa aanay caddeynayn
RSVP-TE wuxuu dhisaa LSP-yo si cad u jiheysan, kayd kheyraad leh ama la’aan, taas oo ah dammaanad qaas ah oo faa’iido leh oo ku saabsan waddada baakaddu xudunta ku marto. Tani maaha hadal ku saabsan waddooyinka macmiilka, magaca tunnel-ka la habeeyayna waa wax aan waddo ahayn.
Joogitaanka RSVP sidoo kale ma bixiyo ballan qaad waxqabad dhammaad-ilaa-dhammaad ah. Kaydka bandwidth-ka hal LSP kuma sheego wax ku saabsan wareegga isku-xidhka, khadka gelitaanka macmiilka laftiisa ama habdhaqanka safka cidhifka fog. U qaadashada dammaanad ahaan waxay soo saartaa jawaabo kalsooni leh su’aalo aan cidna weydiin. Haddii shuruuddu runtii tahay ballan qaad bandwidth, waa in laga sameeyaa qaybaha runtii fuliya, LSP-na waa oo kaliya dhexda silsiladdaas.
Hubi si isku xigxiga, ka dib jooji
Ka shaqee gaadiidka oo u bax banaanka oo jooji tallaabada ugu horreysa ee fashilma, sababtoo ah tallaabo kasta oo xigta waxay u malaynaysaa in kuwii hore adkeysteen. Marka hore xaqiiji in LSP-ga la dhisay iyo in gelinta gudbinta ee prefix-ka adeeggu runtii tilmaamayo isaga. Ka dib xaqiiji in waddada VPN ay ku jirto shaxda saxda ah, in isku-xidhka calaamaddeeda uu jiro iyo in siyaasadda soo-dejintu aqbashay. Ka dib xaqiiji isku-xidhka: interface-ka, duubista iyo halka ay khuseyso, aqoonsiga VLAN ee qandaraaskaas leh.
show mpls lsp
show mpls forwarding-table 10.60.0.0 24
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf CUSTOMER 10.60.0.0/24
show ip vrf detail CUSTOMERHabka qorista amarrada wuu ku kala duwan yahay platform ahaan, marka labadaas sadar ee afarta ah u qaado sidii afar su’aalood ee aan ahayn skript. Qaybta muhiimka ah waa in mid kastaa wax ka weydiiyo shay ka duwan, taasna waxay sababtaa in fashilku tilmaamo milkiile gaar ah.
Raac hal codsi la ogolaaday oo hayso caddaynta wanaagsan
Ku dhammee hal codsi macmiil oo dhab ah, oo siyaasaddu ogolaatay, iyo jawaabtiisa. Hal qulqul shaqeeya oo dhammaad-ilaa-dhammaad ah wuxuu xalliyaa wax ka badan bog akhrin tirineed, wuxuuna tijaabiyaa isku-dhafka halkii qayb kasta gaar ahaan.
Marka marxalad dambe fashilanto, hayso indha-indhaynta LSP ee guulaystay halkii aad dib u dhisi lahayd gaadiidka. Dib u dhiska tunnel shaqeeya ma hagaajin karo prefix fog oo maqan, isku-xidh VRF khaldan ama qaanuun gelitaan goob, wuxuuna baabbi’iyaa caddaynta markii hore kuu sheegtay in gaadiidku caafimaad qabo.