Tunnel ɗin RSVP-TE yana aiki, amma L3VPN ɗin abokin ciniki ba shi da hanya
Sufuri da sabis hukunce-hukunce ne daban. Karanta tarin lakabi, duba warwarewar mataki na gaba da haɗin VRF daban, sannan gwada kwararar abokin ciniki ɗaya na gaske.
Ƙungiyoyi biyu na iya zama duka biyu daidai lokacin da abokin ciniki ya ba da rahoton cewa VPN ɗin ya tsaya kuma ƙungiyar sufuri ta ba da rahoton cewa tunnel ɗin yana da kyau. LSP da injiniyan zirga-zirga da MPLS L3VPN suna amsa tambayoyi daban-daban: ɗaya yana motsa fakiti masu lakabi ta cikin cibiya, ɗayan yana yanke shawara wace mahallin sarrafawa fakiti yake. Lokacin da aka haɗa su, muhawara tana zagaye saboda kowane bangare yana auna wani abu daban kuma duka ma'aunin suna da inganci.
Sufuri a kaikace da sabis a ƙasa yanayi ne na al'ada
LSP na iya kasancewa an kafa shi, yana ɗaukar zirga-zirga kuma ana iya ganinsa a kowane tsarin sa ido, yayin da sabis ɗin abokin ciniki ya kasance mara amfani. Babu wani abu a cikin wannan haɗin da ya saba wa juna, saboda tunnel ɗin ba shi da ra'ayi game da ko wani prefix na nesa ya wanzu, ko manufar shigo da kaya ta karɓe shi, ko kewaya da aka haɗa tana wucewa da firam.
Alamar da yawanci ke bayyana rikicewar tana da banbanci: ping daga loopback ɗin PE na yin nasara yayin da wani host a LAN ɗin abokin ciniki bai sami komai ba, ko akasin haka. Rubuta waɗanne adireshi suka yi aiki kafin ka ƙirƙiri ka'ida. Da zarar ka lura cewa kana gwada abubuwa biyu daban, mataki na gaba shine karanta tarin lakabi maimakon yin muhawara game da wane zane ya dace. Adireshi biyu, masu shi biyu, kuma yawanci mutane biyu daban waɗanda kowannensu ya yi imani cewa ɗayan ya karya wani abu.
Karanta tarin a matsayin nauyi biyu
Lakabin ƙasa na sabis ne kuma lakabin sama na hanya ne. RFC 4364 ya bayyana jerin a sauƙaƙe: da farko ana sanya lakabin hanyar VPN, sannan an tunnel ɗin wannan fakiti mai lakabi zuwa mataki na gaba na BGP, inda tunnel ɗin injiniyan zirga-zirga ke tura nasa lakabin a sama.
| Object | Decision it encodes | Who owns it |
|---|---|---|
| Attachment and VRF | Which customer context receives the arriving packet | Edge configuration |
| VPN route and service label | Which remote forwarding context handles the destination | BGP VPN signalling |
| Transport LSP and tunnel label | How the core carries the packet to the BGP next hop | RSVP-TE or another tunnel mechanism |
A PE na nesa lakabin sabis yana zaɓar magani, wanda zai iya zama bincike na VRF ko shawarar haɗi. Ba za a iya musanya wannan lakabin da wanda kawai ke ketare cibiya ba, kuma su biyun ba sa musanya ko da duka sun bayyana a cikin tarin ɗaya a kan mu'amala ɗaya.
Abin da nasarar RSVP ke tabbatarwa da abin da ba ta tabbatarwa
RSVP-TE yana kafa LSP masu hanyar bayyananne, tare da tanadin albarkatu ko babu, wanda tabbaci ne takamaimai kuma mai amfani game da hanyar da fakiti ke bi ta cibiya. Ba magana ba ce game da hanyoyin abokin ciniki, kuma sunan tunnel da aka saita ba hanya ba ne kwata-kwata.
Kasancewar RSVP kuma ba ya ba da alkawarin aiki daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Tanadin faɗin bandeji a kan LSP ɗaya bai ce komai ba game da kewayar da aka haɗa, layin shiga na abokin ciniki da kansa ko halin layi a gefen nesa. Ɗaukarsa a matsayin tabbaci yana haifar da amsoshi masu ƙarfin gwiwa ga tambayoyin da babu wanda ya yi. Idan buƙatar da gaske alkawari ne na faɗin bandeji, dole ne a haɗa shi daga sassan da suke tilasta irin wannan da gaske, kuma LSP shine kawai tsakiyar wannan sarkar.
Duba cikin tsari, sannan ka tsaya
Yi aiki daga sufuri zuwa waje kuma ka tsaya a matakin farko da ya kasa, saboda kowane mataki na gaba yana ɗauka cewa na baya sun riƙe. Da farko tabbatar da cewa an kafa LSP kuma shigarwar tura prefix ɗin sabis tana nuni zuwa gare shi da gaske. Sannan tabbatar da cewa hanyar VPN tana cikin teburin da ya dace, haɗin lakabinta yana nan kuma manufar shigo da kaya ta karɓe shi. Sannan tabbatar da haɗin: mu'amala, nade da kuma inda ya dace, mai gane VLAN wanda ya shafi wannan kwangilar.
show mpls lsp
show mpls forwarding-table 10.60.0.0 24
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf CUSTOMER 10.60.0.0/24
show ip vrf detail CUSTOMERRubutun umarni ya bambanta bisa dandamali, don haka ɗauki waɗannan layuka huɗu a matsayin tambayoyi huɗu ba a matsayin script ba. Muhimmin abu shine kowanne daga cikinsu yana tambayar wani abu daban, kuma wannan shine yasa gazawa ke nuni ga wani mai shi.
Bi buƙata ɗaya da aka yarda kuma ka adana kyawawan shaidu
Kammala da buƙatar abokin ciniki ɗaya ta gaske, wadda manufa ta yarda, da amsarta. Kwarara ɗaya mai aiki daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe tana warware fiye da shafi na karatun ƙididdiga, kuma tana gwada haɗin maimakon kowane sashe daban.
Lokacin da wani mataki na gaba ya kasa, adana lura mai nasara na LSP maimakon sake gina sufuri. Sake gina tunnel mai aiki ba zai iya gyara prefix na nesa da babu, haɗin VRF mara kyau ko dokar shiga manufa ba, kuma yana lalata shaidar da ta gaya maka da farko cewa sufuri yana cikin lafiya.