Manhajar VPN ta mai sayarwa da NetworkManager: wa ke da ikon yanayin?
Furofayil yana ambaton wani ƙari, ba halin abokin ciniki na mai sayarwa ba. Yi taswirar wanda ke da rijista, DNS, toshewa da sabuntawa kafin ka sauya kwamfutar tafi-da-gida da ake sarrafawa.
Shigo da furofayil ba ɗaya ba ne da maye gurbin abokin ciniki. NetworkManager yana ajiye nau’in ƙari tare da bayanai da asirai na musamman na ƙarin, kuma ƙarin da ke da wannan nau’in shi ne ke yanke shawarar abin da haɗin zai iya yi. Duk abin da manhajar mai sayarwa ta ɗora a kai, daga rijista har zuwa toshewa na dindindin, yana rayuwa a wajen fayil ɗin. Ko sauyin yana da aminci ya dogara da waɗanne daga cikin waɗannan matakan kuke dogara da su da gaske.
Fayil ɗin yana ambaton ƙari, ba jerin fasali ba
Bayanin saitunan VPN na NetworkManager yana bayyana nau’in sabis da ke zaɓar ƙarin, tare da ƙamus ɗin bayanai mara fayyace da ƙamus ɗin asirai waɗanda ƙarin ne kaɗai ke fassara su. Furofayil yarjejeniya ce da aiwatarwa ɗaya, ba bayanin halin da kowane abokin ciniki zai iya sake haifarwa ba. Abokan ciniki biyu na iya yin magana da ladabi ɗaya kuma har yanzu sun bambanta a abin da suke tattaunawa da waɗanne hanyoyin bayanai suke buɗewa. Sunan ladabi yana gaya muku menene rami, ba zai taɓa gaya muku abin da abokin ciniki na kewaye yake yi da shi ba.
Don haka kwatanta buƙatu maimakon lulluɓi. Tambaya ba ita ce ko zaɓi na daban zai iya haɗawa ba, domin galibi yana iya; tambaya ita ce ko kowane buƙata da ya sa an karɓi abokin ciniki na farko zai tsira daga ƙaura. Rubuta waɗannan buƙatu kafin ka shigar da wani abu, in ba haka ba kwatancen zai koma farautar abin da zai fara karyewa.
Abin da manhajar mai sayarwa ke ƙarawa a kewayen rami
Abokan ciniki na masu sayarwa yawanci suna haɗa rijista da duban yanayin na’ura, tafiyar mataki na biyu da nata fuskar, toshewa na dindindin, tashar sabuntawa da kayan aikin tallafi. Wani ɓangare na wannan yana zaune kusa da ladabi, wani ɓangaren kuma samfuri ne daban wanda kawai ke raba mai sakawa. NetworkManager na iya maye gurbin rami da hanyarsa, kuma rubutun mai aikawa na iya kunna ayyuka idan yanayin haɗin ya canza. Amma ba ya sake haifar da injin toshewa, tafiyar sabunta takardar shaida ko zato game da wane mai amfani ne zai iya tayar da haɗin.
Ƙarin sassa ba ya nufin mafi aminci, kuma kaɗan ba ya nufin mafi rauni. Tambaya ita ce wane sashe ne ke tilasta manufar da aka gaya maka ka bi. Idan mai bincike ya tambaya me ke toshe zirga-zirga idan ramin ya faɗi, amsar dole ta ambaci wani abu da ke yin hakan da gaske, kuma furofayil da ke haɗawa kaɗai ba ita ce wannan amsar ba.
Inda mallaka ya bambanta da gaske
Karanta wannan a matsayin taswirar mallaka ba jerin dubawa ba, domin gazawar da ke ƙasa rata ce ta mallaka kuma babu adadin saitin abokin ciniki da zai rufe su. Kowane layi yana ambaton matakin, ɓangaren da yawanci ke riƙe shi a yau, da inda ratar ta fara bayyana.
| Layer | Vendor application | NetworkManager connection | Where the gap shows up |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enrollment and posture | built into the client | absent unless something else supplies it | a managed device fails its next posture check |
| Address and resolver authority | the client sets both | the plugin plus dispatcher scripts | names resolve through the wrong resolver after a state change |
| Blocking on drop | a bundled engine | nothing by default | traffic continues in the clear after the tunnel dies |
| Upgrade path | the vendor's own channel | the distribution package and its plugin | a plugin update changes behaviour with no vendor note |
| Diagnostics and support | vendor tooling with client state | journal and dispatcher output | support cannot see why negotiation failed |
Haɗa kowane layi da abin lura da za ka iya maimaitawa, ba ji game da abokin ciniki ba. Sunan da aka warware ta hanyar mai warwarewa da aka nufa, hanya da ke ɓacewa idan ramin ya tsaya, da haɗin da aka toshe bayan an yi kwaikwayon tsayawa su ne abubuwan lura uku da tare suke rufe yawancin teburin. Rubuta abin lura kusa da buƙatar da yake tabbatarwa, kuma ka riƙe waɗanda suka kasa, domin abin lura da ya kasa shi ne kawai ɓangaren rikodin da ke hasashen abin da zai faru na gaba.
Sauya ba tare da cin karo da mallaka ba
Gudanar da abokin ciniki na mai sayarwa da haɗin NetworkManager na sabis ɗaya lokaci ɗaya ita ce hanyar da ta fi zama ruwan dare da waɗannan kwatancen suke kuskure. Dukansu suna saka hanyoyi, dukansu na iya saita DNS, kuma dukansu na iya taɓa yanayin katangar wuta. Abin da kuke aunawa a lokacin wani tsari ne na uku wanda bai dace da halin da aka rubuta na kowane ɗayan abokan cinikin biyu ba.
nmcli -f NAME,UUID,TYPE connection show
nmcli connection show work --show-secrets | grep -E "^vpn\."
journalctl -u NetworkManager -b --since "10 min ago"Umarni na farko yana gaya maka ko furofayil ɗin nau’in VPN ne kwata-kwata. Na biyu yana nuna nau’in sabis na ƙarin da waɗanne asirai aka ajiye, wanda ke da muhimmanci idan ana tsammanin maɓalli daga wakili maimakon fayil. Jaridar ita ce wurin da ƙarin da ya loda amma ya kasa yin yarjejeniya zai faɗi hakan. Idan ɗaya daga cikin ukun bai nuna matsala ba, ratar tana cikin matakan manufofi sama da ramin ba a cikin haɗin ba.
Cire tsohon abokin ciniki kafin ka kunna sabon haɗin, ka riƙe iyakar da asusu iri ɗaya, kuma ka rubuta wane sashe ne ke da hanyoyi, saitunan mai warwarewa da toshewa. Wannan bayanin ne ke hana sabuntawa na gaba ƙarewa da masu mallaka biyu.