I-VPN ifakwe ku-Windows, i-Linux ivuka ingenayo inethiwekhi: yini okufanele ihlolwe

Ufaka i-VPN ku-Windows, uvuka kabusha ungene ku-Linux, futhi uxhumano lwentambo lufile. Indaba ecacile iyazibhala yona: i-VPN ishiye okuthile ngemuva. Indaba ayilungile, ngoba ukuvuka kokubili kusebenzisa izingqikithi ezihlukene, izishayeli ezihlukene, amathebula omzila ahlukene nezixazululi ezihlukene. Isihlungi senethiwekhi se-Windows asisebenzi ngaphakathi kwe-Linux, ngakho iphutha lisekuthini le-Linux noma entweni ukuvuka kokubili okwabelana ngayo ngempela, njengehadiwe, i-firmware noma i-rutha.

Uphawu nesiphetho esingalungile

Ingxenye ewusizo yokubhekwa yisikhathi: iphutha lavela ngemuva koshintsho. Ingxenye engenalo usizo ukugxuma kwesizathu kuya ku-VPN ye-Windows, engakwazi ukusebenza kwenye isistimu yokusebenza. Ukuhlukanisa kokubili umsebenzi wonke. Bhala umugqa wesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthinta ikhebula.

Okwabelanwa ukuvuka kokubili i-adaptari yomzimba, ikhebula, imbobo ye-switch kanye nakho konke okuphezulu. Lezi ziguquko zangempela ezabiwe, futhi zifanele ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwesitaki se-Linux.

Thatha isithombe sesitaki se-Linux ngemiyalo emine

Qala ngemodi yokufunda kuphela futhi urekhode isimo ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: ip -br link ngokuba khona kwezixhumi, ip -br address ngamakheli, ip route ngemizila ye-IPv4 kanye ne-ip -6 route lapho i-IPv6 ibalulekile. Incwadi yesandiso yethuluzi le-ip ihlukanisa lezi zinto, futhi ukubonakala kwesixhumi ohlwini akulona ubufakazi bokuthi sinamakheli asebenzayo noma umzila osebenzisekayo.

Gcina umphumela efayeleni ukuze kamuva uqhathanise nokuvuka okusebenzayo. Isithombe ongakwazi ukusiphindaphinda siyisikhumbuzo sesimo kuphela.

Ngabe isixhumanisi, ikheli, umzila noma igama?

Amaphutha amane ahlukene abukeka efanayo kusiphequluli. Idivayisi ingase ingabikho ngokuphelele, ibe khona ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi, ixhunywe kodwa ingenakho ikheli elilindelekile, noma ibe nekheli ngaphandle komzila oya khona. Ukwehluleka kokuxazululwa kwamagama ngenkathi amakheli aluhlaza esebenza kuyisimo sesihlanu, futhi kungokwesixazululi hhayi eyeshayeli.

Isimo ngasinye sikhomba umsebenzi ohlukile: isishayeli noma i-firmware yedivayisi engekho, ikhebula noma i-switch uma kungekho mthwali, i-DHCP noma ukuhlelwa okumile kwikheli elingekho, kanye nomzila noma inqubomgomo yomgwaqo ongekho. Inkinga yesixazululi ikhomba i-systemd-resolved, i-NetworkManager noma ukuhlelwa kwe-DNS kwasendaweni.

Hlola ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-Linux kunayo i-VPN yayo noma ukuhlelwa kwe-firewall okuhlala njalo. Ithange lasendaweni noma isethi yemithetho ye-nftables iyimbangela ohlangothini lwe-Linux, futhi inamathuba amaningi okuchaza iphutha kunohlelo lwe-Windows olungasebenzi.

Bese uqhathanisa ukudlula kokuvuka

I-Windows Fast Startup ukuvala okuxubile okugcina isimo seseshini yengqikithi esikhundleni sokwenza ukuvuka okuphelele. Incwadi ka-Microsoft mayelana nezimo zamandla ihlukanisa lokhu nokuqala kabusha nokuvala okuphelele, yingakho ihadiwe efanayo ingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekudluleni kokubili.

Uma iphutha lincike ekudluleni kwisistimu yokusebenza eyodwa kuya kwenye, qhathanisa ukuqala kabusha okubhaliwe noma ukuvala okuphelele nomzila ojwayelekile, ngemuva kokugcina umsebenzi. Umphumela olondela ukudlula ufanelekela ukuhlola isimo sesishayeli, idivayisi noma i-firmware, futhi awufakazeli ngokwawo ukuthi i-Fast Startup yabangela iphutha elithile le-adaptari.

Rekhoda ukuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza esebenzise i-adaptari ekugcineni, uhlobo lokudlula, isimo sesixhumanisi ku-Linux kanye nomsebenzi wokuqala ohlulekile. Umehluko ophindaphindekayo phakathi kokuvuka okubandayo nokudlula okufudumele ubaluleke kakhulu kunokususa isofthiwe ye-VPN kukho kokubili ukufakwa ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yisiphi isitaki esiphukile.

Okungafanele kushintshwe

Musa ukusetha kabusha izitaki zenethiwekhi zombili njengesinyathelo sokuqala. Lokho kucekela phansi ukuqhathanisa futhi ngokuvamile akulungisi lutho, ngoba imbangela yangempela ayikaze ibonakale. Musa ukufaka kabusha i-VPN ye-Windows ukuze ulungise i-Linux, futhi ungashintshi izilungiselelo ze-firmware ngokungahleliwe ngoba ukudlula kokuvuka kuhlobene nephutha.

Incwadi yesandiso yethuluzi le-ip ibhala izinto zesixhumanisi, ikheli nomzila ezisetshenziswe ngenhla. Funda uhlangothi lwe-Linux kuqala, gcina isithombe, bese kuthi ngemva kwalokho unqume ukuthi ingabe isendlalelo sehadiwe esabiwe sifanele ukuphenywa.