Kungani ukulahlekelwa yi-VPN kubonakala kubi kakhulu kunethiwekhi yeselula kunase-Ethernet
Amanethiwekhi amabili okungena kanye nezimo ezimbili ze-tunnel kunikeza izinombolo ezine. Gcwalisa i-matrix, gcina izingxenye zombili, futhi vumela iphethini ukuthi ikhethe isilinganiso esilandelayo.
I-laptop efanayo, iseva efanayo kanye ne-tunnel efanayo kungalahlekelwa ingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu yomthamo wayo ku-Ethernet kanye nezingxenye ezintathu kwezine kunethiwekhi yeselula, futhi azikho zombili lezi zinombolo ezisho ukuthi i-VPN yephukile. Inethiwekhi ngayinye yokungena inikeza indlela ehlukile, futhi i-tunnel yengeza indlela yesibili phezu kwayo. Ukuqhathanisa inombolo eyodwa ene-tunnel nenombolo eyodwa engenayo i-tunnel akuphenduli lutho, ngoba lezi zinombolo ezimbili zichaza izihlukanisi ezihlukile. Amaseli amane kanye nengxenye eyodwa yokugcina umugqa ngamunye kuzokutshela ukuthi yimuphi umbuzo okufanele uwubuze ngokulandelayo.
Amaseli amane, hhayi inhlawulo eyodwa
Linganisa umugqa wesisekelo oqondile kanye nomphumela one-tunnel kunethiwekhi ngayinye yokungena, futhi uwagcine njenge-matrix esikhundleni sesinqumo esisodwa. Umugqa wesisekelo umsebenzi ofanayo owenziwe kuleyo nethiwekhi ngaphandle kwe-tunnel; umphumela one-tunnel umsebenzi ofanayo nayo.
| Access network | Direct baseline | Same task through the tunnel |
|---|---|---|
| Ethernet | E0 | E1 |
| Cellular | C0 | C1 |
Sebenzisa umthwalo womsebenzi ogunyaziwe wezivivinyo eziqondile futhi ugcine izilawuli zobumfihlo ezidingwa indawo. Isivivinyo esephula inqubomgomo sikhiqiza inombolo ongakwazi ukuyishicilela futhi okungafanele uyiphinde.
Gcina okuguquguqukayo kungashintshi
Gcina idivayisi, uhlelo lokusebenza, indawo okukuyiwa kuyo, indlela yokudlulisa kanye nephoyinti lokugcina le-VPN kungashintshi kuwo wonke amaseli amane. Uma isevisi ishintsha iseva yayo yokuhlola ngokuthula phakathi kokugijima, rekhoda ushintsho futhi uphathe lelo khona njengelingalawuleki esikhundleni sokulinganisa umehluko ngobukhulu.
Phinda i-matrix kuzo zombili izinhlangothi nasezikhathini zosuku eziqhathanisekayo. Izimo zomsakazo weselula kanye nomthwalo kuseli yayo ziyashintsha emizuzwini embalwa, ngakho umugqa wesisekelo owodwa omuhle ngokungavamile ungakhulisa inhlawulo ebonakalayo. Rekhoda ukusabalala kwemiphumela eduze kwenani elimelelayo, futhi uphawule ukuthi ukugijima okune-tunnel kwahlanganiswa yini nemigqa yesisekelo noma kwenziwa ngeqembu.
Ukuhlanganisa kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abakulindele. Umugqa wesisekelo olinganiswe ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini nokugijima okune-tunnel okulinganiswe ngemva kwakho kuyizinethiwekhi ezimbili ezihlukile ezinombhalo ofanayo.
Gcina isihlukanisi sibonakala
Bika ingxenye yokugcina kanye nezinga eliphelele: E1 ihlukaniswe nge-E0, futhi C1 ihlukaniswe nge-C0. Isixhumanisi esisheshayo esigcina ingxenye encane yomthamo waso kanye nesixhumanisi esihamba kancane esigcina ingxenye enkulu kuyimiphumela ehlukile, futhi ingxenye kuphela ekhombisa umehluko.
Umthamo ophelele usanquma ukuthi umsebenzisi angenza ini. Ingxenye inquma ukuthi ubheke kuphi. Uma i-Ethernet igcina ingxenye enkulu yomugqa wayo wesisekelo futhi inethiwekhi yeselula igcina okuncane kakhulu, okuguquguqukayo okuthakazelisayo kusendleleni yeselula hhayi ngaphakathi kokubethela.
Zombili izinombolo ziyingxenye yombiko, ngoba ngayinye iyodwa isekela isiphetho idatha engasisekeli.
Funda iphethini ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini
Uphahla olufanayo olune-tunnel kuzo zombili izinethiwekhi lukhomba kokuthile okwabiwe: iphoyinti lokugcina, iprosesa yalo, umkhawulo wejubane noma ukugxuma okukodwa okugcwele. Ukwehla okuvela kuphela kunethiwekhi yeselula kukhomba indlela yaleyo nethiwekhi, ukulahlekelwa, ukubambezeleka kanye nosayizi wephakethe osebenzayo.
Lena imikhondo, hhayi izifo, futhi umehluko ubalulekile lapho ubhala ithikithi. Uphahla olwabiwe ngeke lube ngcono lapho ushintsha imodemu yeselula, futhi ukwehla kweselula kuphela ngeke kube ngcono lapho ushintsha usayizi wephoyinti lokugcina. Shono ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zinto ezimbili owabonayo ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ushintsho. Kanjalo ushintsho luthwala isibikezelo, futhi isilinganiso esilandelayo singasiqinisekisa noma sisibulale.
Imihlahlandlela yokusebenza ye-OpenVPN ngokwayo ihlukanisa imikhawulo yebandwidth, iprosesa, ukuthutha kanye nosayizi wephakethe emigqeni efanayo, okuyisikhumbuzo esiwusizo sokuthi i-tunnel ayivamisile ukuba ukuguquguquka okukodwa.
Lapho usayizi wephakethe uyisoliso
Ukufaka kusetshenzisa isikhala sephakethe, ngakho usayizi osebenzayo endleleni yeselula ungaba mncane kunalowo okhazanywa i-interface. Gcina ubufakazi bosayizi wephakethe bendlela oyiqhathanisayo esikhundleni sokucabanga inani elisuka egameni lobuchwepheshe bokungena.
Datagram packetization-layer path MTU discovery ichaza ukuthola usayizi osebenzayo esikhundleni sokuqopha ngokuqinile. Sebenzisa okubonwayo okusekelwa ukuqaliswa, futhi ungaphoshi i-MTU ephansi engafanele kuwo wonke amaklayenti njengesinyathelo sokucophelela, ngoba lokho kushintshanisa inkinga eyodwa nembi kakhulu emigqeni eyayilungile.
I-hypothesis yosayizi idinga ubufakazi bayo: ukudlulisa okufanayo kumasayizi amabili, nephethini yokulahlekelwa erekhodiwe.
Engeza ukuguquguquka okukodwa ngesikhathi
Qhathanisa ukuthutha okunye kuphela ngemva kokuba i-matrix yesisekelo igciniwe. Lokho kugcina ukuguquguquka okukodwa okuhlosiwe kudlalwa, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlobanise ushintsho esikhundleni sokuqagela ngalo.
Gcina ukulinganisa komthwalo we-TCP kuhlukile ekuziphatheni kwama-datagram e-UDP, ngoba kokubili kusabela ngendlela ehlukile ekulahlekelweni nasezayizini yendlela. Ukuthuthuka okuvela ekushintsheni kokuthutha kubufakazi mayelana nalokho kuthutha, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi ukubethela noma ukumboza kwakuyimbangela yokuqala.
Ukulandelana komsebenzi: gcwalisa amaseli amane, bala izingxenye zombili, hlanganisa ukugijima, bese ukhetha i-hypothesis eyodwa futhi uyihlole ngoshintsho olulodwa. Noma yini enye ukuqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezingaziwa.