Ukuvusa ikhompuyutha yasekhaya elele nge-VPN: iphakethe livela kuphi

Uyaxhumanisa, i-router iyaphendula, kanti ikhompuyutha yetafula ihlala isemnyameni. Ithuneli ilungile; iphakethe ebelizokuvusa umshini alikaze lifike engxenyeni lapho umshini ulalela khona. Uma ulandela indlela uyihlabela emuva usuka ku-router, uyabona lapho ifela khona.

Amadivayisi amathathu anemisebenzi emithathu. Ukuwaxuba ndawonye yisizathu esivamile sokuthi umzamo wokuvusa uzungeze ungunaphakade.

Qala kuklayenti ekude bese ulandela indlela

Kusuka kunethiwekhi yehhotela uxhumanisa ne-router yasekhaya, okuyindawo yokuphela eyodwa ehlala isebenza esithombeni. Isicelo sokuvusa osithayipha kukhompyutha yakho ephathwayo siba ukuhamba kwethuneli okuvamile, sithunyelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo oyishilo. Leyo ndawo inquma konke okulandelayo.

Uma usithumele ekhelini le-LAN le-router yasekhaya embobeni ye-magic packet, i-router ingase yamukele i-datagram futhi ingalokothi ikhiphe ifreyimu engxenyeni yasekhaya, ngoba akukho lutho lapho olalela leyo mbobo. Uma usisakaza ngaphakathi kwethuneli, sima kusixhumi sethuneli. Ithuneli elenziwe umzila akusona isandiso sesigaba 2 sezintambo zasekhaya. Landela indlela igxathu negxathu futhi indlela evaliwe iyacaca.

Ukuhlola okuquma lokhu kudinga umyalo owodwa ovela ohlangothini olukude nowodwa ovela ohlangothini lwasekhaya. Thumela isicelo, bese ubheka ingxenye yasekhaya ukuthola ifreyimu.

Hambisa umthumeli engxenyeni yasekhaya

I-router ingenza ngokwayo ukuvusa uma usugunyaziwe ngethuneli. I-OpenWrt ibhala ngomsebenzi we-Wake-on-LAN osebenza kudivayisi futhi okhipha ifreyimu endaweni, futhi leso yisimo esidingekayo ngqo: ukuqinisekiswa kude ngaphandle, ukusakazwa kwendawo ngaphakathi.

Lelo lungiselelo liphinda ligcine umsebenzi wokuvusa kude ne-inthanethi yomphakathi. Akukho okusha okuvezwa ku-inthanethi, ngoba isicupho sihamba ku-VPN osewuyethemba. Enye indlela, umsebenzi wokuvusa onembobo edlulisiwe, ushintshanisa ukunethezeka okuncane ngendawo yokuphela ebheke ku-inthanethi umuntu wonke angayihlola.

Ukuncika okuyindilinga kufanele kubizwe ngokucacile. Iklayenti le-VPN elifakwe kukhompyutha yetafula alikwazi ukuvusa leyo khompyutha, ngoba inqubo yeklayenti idinga umshini osebenzayo. Gcina indawo yokungena ekude ku-router noma kwelinye ibhokisi elihlala lisebenza, bese uyeka ikhompuyutha yetafula ibe yinto okuhloswe ngayo kuphela.

Qinisekisa into okuhloswe ngayo ngaphambi kokusola ithuneli

Le ngxenye inqunywa yi-hardware, hhayi i-VPN, futhi isimo samandla siyinquma kuqala. I-adaptha kumele isekele ukuvusa, i-firmware kumele ishiye i-adaptha inamandla ebuthongweni, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza kumele luhlelwe ukuthi lukuvume. Umshini omisiwe uyicala elihlukile kunomshini ocishiwe, futhi womabili ahlukile kumshini amandla awo anqanyuliwe odongeni. Sombulula leso simo ngaphambi kokusebenza kuhlu olusele.

Funda ikheli le-hardware kusuka ku-adaptha ezokwamukela ngempela ifreyimu. Ikhompuyutha yetafula ene-Ethernet ne-Wi-Fi kokubili ivamise ukuba namakheli amabili, futhi yinye kuphela yawo engase ikwazi ukuvusa. Ukuvusa okungenantambo kuyikhono elihlukile elinezidingo zalo ze-firmware, ngakho ukuvusa kwe-Ethernet okusebenzayo akusho lutho mayelana nokuvusa nge-Wi-Fi.

Qinisekisa indlela yasendaweni kuqala. Thumela i-magic packet kusuka kwelinye idivayisi kusixhumi esifanayo bese ubuka umshini ukhuphuka. Uma lokho kuhluleka, akukho nani lokulungisa ithuneli elizosiza, futhi iphutha lise-firmware, kuzilungiselelo ze-adaptha noma esimweni samandla.

Ngemva kokuvuka, xhumanisa nomsebenzi owawufuna

Ukuvusa akukona ukufinyelela kude. Ngemva kokuba umshini uqhubekile, kusafanele uqalise izinsizakalo zawo, uthole ikheli futhi wamukele isikhathi osidinga ngempela. Yinike isikhathi sokufinyelela leso simo ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi ukuvusa kuhlulekile.

# remote side: trigger the wake through the already-authenticated tunnel
ssh [email protected] 'wol -i br-lan 3c:7a:8f:2b:11:04'

# home side: is the target answering on the LAN?
ping -c 3 10.10.0.42
arp -n 10.10.0.42

Umugqa arp yiwo owusizo. Umgeniso oshintsha usuka kokungaphelele uya ekhelini le-hardware langempela usho ukuthi umshini uqhubekile futhi waphendula; isicelo esingalokothi sixazululwe sikhomba emuva esigabeni sokuvusa, hhayi emsebenzini obuzama ukufinyelela kuwo.

Hlukanisa izigaba emibhalweni yakho: ukuvusa, ukuqalisa, umsebenzi. Ukuhluleka esigabeni sesibili kubonakala kufana nokuhluleka esigabeni sokuqala kusuka kuwindi yengxoxo, futhi ubufakazi basendaweni kuphela obuhlukanisa.