Okungaqinisekiswa futhi okungeke kuqinisekiswe umbhalo we-VPN mayelana nokuphequlula

Ngaphambi kokukhetha iqoqo lemibhalo, nquma ukuthi yisiphi isehlakalo okufanele ukucwaninga kusiqinisekise. Ukubuza ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi se-VPN esixhumene nekheli lomgomo kuhlukile ekubuzweni ukuthi yimuphi umuntu ovule ikhasi elithile. Kokubili kudinga amarekhodi ahlukile, ukuxhumana okuhlukile kanye namazinga okwethemba ahlukile. Umbhalo wokuxhumana we-OpenVPN uphendula owokuqala futhi awukwazi ukuphendula owesibili.

Qamba isehlakalo ngaphambi kokukhetha iqoqo

Irekhodi lesikhathi likhombisa ubunikazi obamukelwe, isikhathi sokuqala nokuphela kanye nekheli elabelwe iseva ngokwenqubomgomo yayo. Umbhalo wesixazululi ukhombisa ukuthi igama lalibuziwe kuleso sixazululi. Irekhodi lokugeleza likhombisa amakheli, izimbobo, iphrothokholi nesikhathi, futhi umbhalo wohlelo ukhombisa ukuthengiselana okwashintshwa uhlelo ngempela. Akekho kulezi zine ozothatha indawo yomunye.

Ngakunye kwazo kuqinisekisa isehlakalo esisodwa futhi kushiye ezinye zivulekile. Ukubhala umbuzo phansi kuqala kukuvimbela ekuhlanganiseni indaba imininingwane engakwazi ukuyisekela.

journalctl -u [email protected] --since today | grep -i 'peer info\|assigned'
cat /etc/openvpn/server/openvpn-status.log | head -20
conntrack -L -p tcp --dport 443 2>/dev/null | head -20

Umyalo wokuqala ukhombisa izehlakalo zesikhathi ezivela kumbhalo wensizakalo. Owesibili uphrinta uhlu lwamaklayenti lwamanje namakheli abelwe wona, okuyiwona mephu okuncika kuwo ukuxhumana kokucwaninga. Owesithathu ukhombisa isimo sokugeleza bukhoma, okusiza kuphela uma ukuxhumana kusekhona.

Ukusesha akulona ukuvakasha

Isiphequluli sixazulula amagama ngokuqagela, sigcine izimpendulo ku-cache futhi sizisebenzise kabusha ngaphandle kokubuza umxazululi ogadiwe futhi. Ngakho igama elikumbhalweni wesixazululi liqinisekisa ukusesha, hhayi ukuvakasha. I-DNS phezu kwe-HTTPS ikhulisa lelo gebe, ngoba isiphequluli esilungiselelwe lokho sithumela imibuzo yaso endaweni lapho isibhali sakho esivamile singasoze sibone khona.

Amakheli omgomo awasho kangcono ngokwawo. Ikheli elilodwa lingaba nomgcini wamasayithi amaningi angahlobene, i-DNS ehlanekezelwe iwukuqagela hhayi ukwakhiwa kabusha, futhi igama lomsingathi elibonakala ngesikhathi sokuxhawulana kwe-TLS akulona indlela yesicelo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esifihliwe.

Ukuze uthole ukuthengiselana okunembile udinga amarekhodi ezehlakalo zohlelo ngokwalo noma umklamo womlamuli osekelwa ngokucacile ekubhalweni. Ithungu le-CONNECT linikeza umlamuli indawo yomgomo kanye nomthamo, hhayi izindlela zamakhasi angaphakathi. Ukufinyelela kokulawula kunethiwekhi akusona isigunyaziso sokushintsha buthule imodeli yokwethemba yohlelo.

Xhumanisa ubunikazi nesikhathi ngaphambi kokusho umuntu

Irekhodi lokugeleza eliphethe ikheli lomthombo langaphakathi alisho lutho kuze kube yilapho lelo kheli lixhunyaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo. Amakheli asetshenziswa kabusha, futhi ikheli elifanayo kungenzeka lalisesinye isikhathi esehora eledlule. Ukwabiwa okumile kuyindlela eyodwa yokugcina ukuxhumana, hhayi ukuphela kwayo.

Imingcele yokuhumusha yenza ukuxhumana kube buthaka kakhulu. Uma amadivayisi amaningi ayesebenzisa ikheli lomthombo elilodwa ngaphambi kwephoyinti lakho lokubuka, okungcono kakhulu ongakukhomba isikhathi sesango esabiwe hhayi idivayisi eyodwa. Isitifiketi noma i-akhawunti esetshenziswa abantu abaningi inomthelela ofanayo.

Bhalisa izindawo zesikhathi, imithombo yewashi, amaphoyinti okubuka kanye nayo yonke isinyathelo sokuhumusha. Amarekhodi angekho angasho ukuthi irekhodi lokugeleza liphelelwe yisikhathi, inzwa yagwenywa noma umbhalo wohlelo wawucishiwe. Ukungabikho akusona ubufakazi bokuthi akukho okwenzekile.

Bese kuthi chaza izinkambu eziphansi, abafundi abavunyelwe kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ngenjongo eshiwo. Ukuhlobanisa nokwabiwa okungalungile kuyizindaba zomklamo hhayi umcabango wakamuva, futhi imininingwane eyengeziwe ekhomba abantu ifanele ukuvikelwa okufanayo nemephu yobunikazi encike kuyo.

Hlola ukucwaninga ngomsebenzi owulawulayo

Khiqiza ukugcwala okuvunyelwe okwaziwe isikhathi nohlelo lwakho, bese uhlola ukuthi irekhodi ngalinye labamba ini ngempela. Yenza ukusesha ngaphandle kokulayisha ikhasi, layisha ikhasi kusuka ku-cache futhi uvule ukuxhumana ngomlamuli, bese ubona ukuthi yiziphi izehlakalo ezivelayo.

Bika isehlakalo esisekelwa ubufakazi futhi usho lokho okungakumbozi. Irekhodi elinesizotha elinobubanzi obushiwo liyaphumelela ekubuyekezweni; umlando wokuphequlula ogqamile owakhiwe ngezinto eziqagelwayo awuphumeleli.