Amagama ama-host e-VPN ayahluleka, amakheli e-IP ayasebenza: kuphi okufanele kubhekwe

Ungavula ukwabelana ngekheli futhi ukwabelana okufanayo ngegama kuyahluleka, okusho ukuthi umhubhe uthwala amaphakethe kodwa ungqimba lwamagama aluwathwali. Lokho kubona okukodwa kusindisa umjikelezo ngezinguquko zothango lomlilo nemizila. Amagama adinga isijobelelo, isixazululi nomzila wombuzo, futhi iklayenti le-VPN lingafaka umzila ngaphandle kokufaka noma yikuphi kwalokho. Hamba izivivinyo ezine ngezansi ngokulandelana bese uma kwesokuqala esiphukayo.

Igama libuza umbuzo ongewona okawelekheli

Ikheli iyindawo okuyiwa kuyo isiteki esingayisebenzisa ngokushesha. Igama elifushane umbuzo okufanele unwetshwe ngesijobelelo, uthunyelwe kwisixazululi futhi uphendulwe yinto eyazi isifunda. Umhubhe ofaka imizila kodwa ungenaso isixazululi ushiya okokuqala kusebenza nokwesibili kuphukile. Yingakho uphawu lubonakala luhambisana kangaka emikhiqizweni ye-VPN ehluke kakhulu.

Sebenza usuka ekhelini uya ngaphandle: kuqala igama eliphelele, bese igama le-host elihlambulukile, futhi bhala ukuthi yikuphi kokuthathu okusebenzayo. Iphethini ikutshela ukuthi yikuphi ungqimba okufanele ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuvula isikrini esisodwa sokuhlela. Ukuqagela imizila lapho i-FQDN ixazululwa kungumsebenzi oyize.

Funda isixazululi esifakwe umhubhe ngempela

Buza uhlelo lokusebenza isiphi isixazululi esibhekelela imibuzo yesifunda sangaphakathi, hhayi lokho okukhishwe isixhumi seklayenti le-VPN. Iseva ephushela isixazululi esivamile ngaphandle kwesifunda sangaphakathi ikhiqiza kanye lokhu kuhluleka, futhi lokhu kuyiphutha lokuhlela hhayi ukonakala komzila.

resolvectl status
nslookup fileserver.corp.example
nslookup fileserver

Kuklayenti ye-Windows ejoyine isizinda, inqubomgomo yomzila yesikhala samagama inquma ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo eya kusiphi isixazululi, futhi izilungiselelo ze-DNS ze-adaptha ye-VPN ziyavela emininingwaneni ye-adaptha. Funda inqubomgomo esebenzayo hhayi iphrofayela, ngoba inqubomgomo egcinwe kukhashi ingaphila isikhathi eside kunokuxhumana okuyifakile. Uma isixazululi siphendula igama eliphelele hhayi igama elifushane, inkinga isivele yathuthela ohlwini lwezijobelelo.

Get-DnsClientNrptPolicy
ipconfig /all

Yima uma isifunda sangaphakathi sixazululwa ngeseva efanele. Isixazululi akuyona inkinga yakho.

Izijobelelo zichaza amagama amafushane ahlulekayo

Igama elinelebula elilodwa linwetshwa ngohlu lwezijobelelo zokuxhumana ngaphambi kokuba umbuzo uthunyelwe. Uma i-VPN ingalethi isijobelelo sangaphakathi, i-fileserver ayisoze yaba i-fileserver.corp.example, futhi umbuzo uphuma njengegama okungekho sixazululi esivamile esilaziyo. Ukupushela isijobelelo, noma ukuthayipha igama eliphelele, kuvivinya umqagelo ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho kuseva.

nslookup fileserver.corp.example
ping -a 192.168.50.20

Ku-Linux, insizakalo yesixazululi ihlanganisa iseva ye-DNS nesixhumanisi kanye neqoqo lezizinda zomzila, ngakho iseva ephushelwe phansi engaxhunyiwe kusixhumanisi somhubhe iziphatha sengathi ayikho. Hlola isimo ngesixhumanisi ngasinye hhayi ifayela le-stub, elingase likhombe kuphela kusixazululi sasendaweni. Lokho kwahlukana kuyavela nangakwelinye icele: isizinda sokusesha esikhona kodwa esingasetshenziswanga kusixhumi somhubhe sikhiqiza ukuhluleka kwamagama amafushane okubonakala kungahleliwe.

Uma ukwengeza isijobelelo kukulungisa, umsebenzi osele ukuletha leso sijobelelo ngephrofayela ye-VPN esikhundleni sokucela wonke umsebenzisi ukuba asithayiphe.

I-NetBIOS ne-WINS kuwumshini ohlukile

I-SMB yakudala isengafuna igama elihlambulukile ngensizakalo yamagama ye-NetBIOS, ephendula ngokusakaza noma ngeseva ye-WINS. Ukusakaza kuhlala ngaphakathi kwesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza futhi kuma kumzila wokuqala, ngakho akukwazi ukuwela umhubhe; i-WINS iyasebenza ngoba iklayenti linekheli le-unicast lokuzibhalisa nokubuza. Yingakho i-VPN ethwala i-IP kuphela isengasekela amagama amadala lapho i-WINS ilungisiwe futhi ifinyeleleka.

nbtstat -n
nbtstat -R

Kwi-SMB yesimanje, thembela ku-DNS nasegameni eliphelele, futhi uhoxise umzila wakudala. Uma ngempela umdala, hlinzeka nge-WINS noma shintsha uhlelo lokusebenza; indlela ephakathi uwumugqa wokusekela ongakaze ube nalutho.

Uhambo luphela lapho usukwazi ukusho ukuthi yikuphi ungqimba olwehlulekile: isixazululi, isijobelelo noma ukutholwa kwakudala. Bhala isixazululi esiphendulile kanye nesimo segama esisebenzile, ngoba umuntu olandelayo uzoqala kuphawu olufanayo.