Izinyathelo zokuxhumana kwe-VPN: okwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uhambo luhamba
Ukuxhumana kuqinisekisa umlingani futhi kukhiqiza okhiye, futhi akufaki noma yimuphi umzila. Qhuba isigaba ngasinye ngokulandelana futhi ume kwesokuqala esihlulekayo.
Ukucindezela Ukuxhumana kuqala imisebenzi emine ehlukene ephumelelayo noma ehlulekayo ngokuzimela. Iklayenti kufanele ifinyelele isilaleli, ivumelane ukuthi umlingani ungubani, ikhiqize okhiye, bese inikela umhubhe osebenzayo engxenyeni esele yohlelo. Iningi lokuxhumana okuhlulekile litholwa emsebenzini ongalungile. Yingakho iphutha lokuqala libaluleke ukudlula umzamo wesithathu.
Qala ufinyelele isilaleli
Ngaphambi kokuba noma yibuphi ubunikazi bushintshwe, iklayenti ixazulula igama, ikhetha umzila futhi ivule ukuhamba okuya echwebeni. Ingosi eboshiwe ephendula konke, ichweba elivaliwe negama lomsingathi elingalungile konke kuyahluleka lapha, futhi akukho kulokhu okuyinkinga yokuqinisekisa. Ukushintsha iphasiwedi akukwazi ukulungisa noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuthathu. Funda umugqa wokuqala wephutha ngaphambi kokuthinta ubufakazi.
Ukuphela kwesikhathi, ukunqatshwa kwesitifiketi kanye ne-akhawunti enqatshiwe kungamaphutha amathathu ahlukene anezinhlolo ezintathu ezihlukene. Ukuhlukanisa kuqala yikho okuvimbela inkinga yenethiwekhi ukuba ixazululwe njengenkinga yobufakazi.
Qinisekisa umlingani, bese ukhiqiza okhiye
Iphrothokholi ngayinye idinga indlela yokubona iseva ehlosiwe, kungaba ngokhiye womphakathi olungisiwe noma nguchungechunge lwesitifiketi. Ukungena komsebenzisi kuyengeza kulokho kuhlola, akukuyona indawo yako. Iseva eyamukela iphasiwedi yakho ayibonisi lutho ngobunikazi bayo. Yingakho imfihlo eyabiwe ethayiphiwe kuklayenti ingeyona indawo yokuhlola ukuthi ngubani ophendulile.
Bese ukushintshana kukhiqiza okhiye bokuhamba kusukela kokufakiwe kwephrothokholi ngokwayo, futhi iphasiwedi yokungena ngokuvamile ayiyona ukhiye ogxivizwa kupakethe ngakunye. Impahla yobunikazi yesikhathi eside nokhiye besikhashana beseshini banezikhathi zokuphila nemisebenzi ehlukene. Ukwahlukanisa lokho yikho okushiwo ukugcinwa kwemfihlo kokuya phambili.
Gcina ukuqinisekisa kuvuliwe ngenkathi uxazulula izinkinga, ngoba umhubhe oxhumayo ngemuva kokuthi uvale uhlolo awubonisanga lutho ngaphandle kokuthi lolo hlolo lwalwenza okuthile. Bhala lokho okushintshile, futhi ukubuyisele ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okulandelayo.
Amaphrothokholi amathathu, izingxoxo ezintathu
Ekufakweni kwe-OpenVPN okusekelwe ku-TLS, ishaneli yokulawula ixoxisana ngamapharamitha okuphepha ngenkathi ishaneli yedatha ithwala uhambo lomhubhe, ngakho ukukhetha kweshaneli yedatha kanye nenkinga yesitifiketi kuhlala ezindaweni ezihlukene. IKEv2 iqinisekisa zombili izinhlanganyeli bese isungula izinhlangano zokuphepha ze-IPsec ezinezikhathi zazo zokuphila. WireGuard ikhiqiza okhiye ngokushintshana kwayo okusekelwe ku-Noise futhi igcina umshini wesimo mncane ngamabomu. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi kwezintathu oyisebenzisayo kunquma ukuthi iliphi ilogi elifanele ukufundwa.
Amaklayenti abukeka efanayo awasho ukuthi imilayezo engaphansi iyashintshana, futhi inkambu yokulungisa ekhona kumkhiqizo owodwa ingase ingabi nokulingana komunye. Ukukopisha iphrofayili phakathi kwabo ukucabanga hhayi ukufuduka.
Okungakwenzi ukuxhumana
Imizila, ukuxazululwa kwamagama kanye nenqubomgomo yendawo okuyiwa kuyo konke kusala ngemuva kwalokho. Isiza sangaphakathi singahlala singafinyeleleki ngoba umzila wesabneti yaso ungekho, ngisho noma umlingani uqinisekisiwe ngendlela efanele futhi umhubhe uyasebenza. Ukukuthatha lokho njengokubethela okubuthakathaka kukuthumela ukuba ufune kusendlalelo esingalungile, futhi ngokuvamile kuphetha ngoshintsho lwe-cipher olungalungisi lutho.
Ukuvuselelwa kokhiye nokuxhumana kabusha nakho kubukeka kufana ezibonisweni eziningi zesimo, futhi akukho kukho okubili okusho ukuthi uhambo olujwayelekile lwavinjwa ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Yinqubomgomo yokwehluleka yeklayenti kuphela ephendula lowo mbuzo, ngakho funda inqubomgomo hhayi isithonjana.
Sebenza ngezigaba ngokulandelana okungenhla futhi ume kwesokuqala esikhiqiza iphutha. Isigaba ngasinye esilandelayo sithola isimo sezigaba zangaphambili, ngakho ukwehluleka kwesigaba sesithathu akusho lutho ngesesine.
ip -brief address show tun0
ip route get 10.60.7.15
resolvectl query intranet.corp.internal