Yini evula ifayela le-.vpn ku-Mac? Qala ngokubona umthumeli

Amagama amafayela agcina ngo-.vpn awanawo incazelo yefomethi eyabelwana. Isandiso ngokuvamile sikhombisa ukuhlelwa kwesayithi okuthunyelwe umthengisi, futhi umhlaziyi oyifundayo ungowohlelo lwemvelo lwalowo mthengisi, hhayi lwe-macOS. Ukuthatha isandiso njengokukhetha iklayenti yiphutha lokuqala; umthumeli yiye iqiniso olidingayo. Impendulo isekhanda, hhayi esandisweni.

Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini, phendula imibuzo emibili: iyiphi uhlelo lokusebenza elakha ifayela, futhi iyiphi insizakalo yesango elingakolunye uhlangothi? Izimpendulo zinquma umhlaziyi neprotokholi, futhi ngokuvamile ziyatholakala kumuntu okunikeze ifayela.

Isandiso asisho lutho ngefomethi

Isandiso sefayela umkhuba wokuqamba amagama. I-macOS ayixhumanisi .vpn nanoma yimuphi umngenisi we-VPN ovamile, futhi akukho zinga elithi wonke amafayela analesi sandiso aqukethe izinkambu ezifanayo. Isandiso esifanayo singavela ekuthunyelweni komthengisi, kuqoqo lombhalo, noma entweni eyaqanjwa kabusha ngesandla yideski losizo.

Iphrofayela ye-OpenVPN iyifomethi ehlukile, ebonakalayo, evamise ukugcina ngo-.ovpn futhi equkethe iziqondiso ezifana ne-client, remote ne-dev tun. Iphrofayela yokuhlelwa kwe-VPN yase-Mac yemvelo inikezwa umqhubi njengefayela lezilungiselelo elinohlobo oluthile lomthwalo, hhayi njengedokhumenti engafanele engavulwa yinoma yiliphi iklayenti.

Idokhumenti yomlando ye-Access Manager yakwa-Shrew Soft ichaza indlela lo mkhiqizo ohambisa futhi ongenisa ngayo izincazelo zayo zesayithi. Ifayela elinjalo lidinga umhlaziyi ohambisanayo kanye neprotokholi yesango eyeyomkhiqizo. Buza umhlinzeki ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olwayibhala esikhundleni sokuhlola abahlaziyi ngokuzama ngephutha. Idokhumenti ingumongo wefomethi, hhayi isincomo sokufaka iklayenti elidala ku-Mac wamanje.

Funda izinkambu zekhanda kukhophi evikelwe

Uma ifayela lingumbhalo, hlola ikhophi kumshini osevele unayo. Umyalo file ubiza isiqukathi, futhi imigqa yokuqala ivamise ukuveza i-XML plist, i-JSON noma iziqondiso zesitayela se-OpenVPN. Ungalayishi ifayela kusiguquli somphakathi futhi ungalinamathiseli kunkundla ukuze ulibone.

file site-config.vpn
head -20 site-config.vpn

Ikhanda lingase libe negama leseva, isizinda sokuqinisekisa noma ibhlokhi yesitifiketi. Isithombe sesikrini salelo khanda asiphephile kunele fayela ngokwalo. Le nto iyazwela ngisho noma ibonakala njengezilungiselelo ezijwayelekile, futhi iphrofayela efaka ukhiye wangasese ilingana nokhiye ngokwakho. Gcina ukuhlola kungokwasekhaya futhi kugunyaziwe.

Uma ifayela lingumbhalo wambili noma lifihliwe, yeka ukuqagela ngesandiso. Buza umthumeli igama lefomethi neklayenti elisekelwe; i-hex dump ayiguquli isiqukathi esingaziwa sibe ukungeniswa okusekelwe.

Hlanganisa umthumeli nomhlaziyi neprotokholi

Umthumeli nomhlaziyi kufanele bavumelane. Ukuthunyelwa komthengisi kungabhalwa ngemfihlo izilungiselelo zesayithi, izinketho zokuqinisekisa kanye nokuziphatha kwesango okuqondwa kuphela iklayenti labo. Iklayenti le-OpenVPN elijwayelekile lingafunda iphrofayela ye-OpenVPN; alinasizathu sokuqonda idokhumenti yesayithi yomunye umkhiqizo.

Iprotokholi yesango ingxenye yesibili. Ngisho ifayela elihlaziywe ngempumelelo lichaza insizakalo elindele iprotokholi ethile yomhubhe kanye nokugeleza kokuqinisekisa. Ukufunda izinkambu kukutshela lokho umthumeli ayekuhlosile, hhayi lokho isango lamanje lisakwamukelayo.

Bhala amanani amathathu ngaphambi kokukhetha iklayenti: umthumeli, iprotokholi yesango kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mac olusekelwe. Uma eyodwa ingaziwa, ukungeniswa kuwukuqagela, futhi ukuqagela yikho okwenza ifayela elinento eyimfihlo liphelele kuhlelo lokusebenza olungahlobene.

Impumelelo yokungenisa ayiyona impumelelo yokuxhumana

Umngenisi okhombisa izinkambu ufakazile kuphela ukuthi wayekwazi ukuzihlaziya. Ukusungula isikhathi kudinga futhi iprotokholi efanele, ubufakazi obufanele kanye nayo yonke isinyathelo sesitifiketi noma sokubhalisa esenziwe yisethaphu sakudala. Ukuxhumana okwakhiwe kabusha ngesandla kungaphuthelwa ukuqinisekiswa kobuwena noma inqubomgomo yedivayisi eyayiphoqelelwa iklayenti lokuqala.

Hlola iklayenti elisha ngokumelene nensiza eyimfihlo ngenkathi uhlelo lokusebenza lwakudala lucishiwe. Ukuxhumana okuphakamayo kodwa okungafinyeleli insizakalo yangaphakathi akuwona umhumelelo wokufuduka; kuyimpumelelo yomhlaziyi enomgodi wenqubomgomo noma wokuhamba ngemuva kwayo.

Gcina ifayela lokuqala kanye nomthombo walo kuze kuqinisekiswe indlela entsha. Uma iklayenti lenqaba ifomethi, lokho kunqaba kungubufakazi obusizo mayelana nomthumeli, hhayi isizathu sokususa izinkambu kuze kuxhumane okuthile.

Cela iphrofayela esekelwe esikhundleni sokuhumusha

Ukuqamba kabusha .vpn ku-.ovpn akuhumushi iprotokholi. Ukukopa ikheli leseva efomini elingahlobene, ukususa izinketho zokuqinisekisa ezingaziwa noma ukususa ibhlokhi yesitifiketi kukhiqiza ifayela elingase lingeniswe futhi lingakwazi ukuqinisekisa.

Indlela ethembekile iphrofayela entsha evela kumnikazi wensizakalo, ngefomethi edokhumentishwa iklayenti le-Mac elisekelwe. Cela nezimfuno zeklayenti ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba isango kungenzeka lishintshele kuprotokholi umthumeli wakudala ayengakaze ayisekele.

Uma umnikazi wensizakalo engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngephrofayela yamanje, ukufuduka kuvinjelwe kuye, hhayi ekukhetheni uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mac. Bhala umthumeli, ifomethi enqatshiwe kanye nephutha eliqondile ukuze isicelo sithwale ubufakazi esikhundleni segama lefayela.