Isihlungi se-DNS se-VPN: ukuvimba amagama akukuvimbeli izikhangiso

Umugqa owodwa we-dnsmasq ungaphendula igama nge-NXDOMAIN, futhi yiyo yonke indlela yokusebenza. Awulokothi ufunde i-HTML, awuhloli indlela yesicelo, futhi awuboni ukuthi uhlelo lwenzani ngoxhumano oluseluvuliwe. Ngakho-ke ukuqhathanisa nokunwetshwa kwesiphequluli ukuqhathanisa imisebenzi emibili ehlukene. Okunye kunquma ukuthi igama liyaxazululwa yini; okunye kunquma ukuthi kwenzekani ngemuva kwalokho.

Isihlungi samagama silawula ini ngempela

Ukukhetha address=/metrics.example/, okungenalutho ngemuva kwe-slash yokugcina, kwenza isixazululi sibuyisele i-NXDOMAIN yalelo gama kanye namazindawo angaphansi kwaso. Ukushiya ikheli lingenalutho ingxenye ebalulekile: kugwema ukuthumela amakhasimende kuseva yokushintsha engahlobene noma ukwenza sengathi ikheli le-loopback liyiye indawo yangempela. Incwadi ye-dnsmasq ichaza leso simo njengempendulo engeyona, hhayi njengokuqondisa kabusha.

Konke umthetho ongakwenza kuvela kuleso sinqumo esisodwa. Ikhasimende elibuza lesi sixazululi lithola impendulo engeyona; ikhasimende elibuza esinye isixazululi lithola lokho okushiwo yileso. Isihlungi asazi ukuthi uhlelo beluzosebenzisa yiphi indlela, yiphi yocingo lwesicelo noma yiphi i-akhawunti.

Lokho kucaca kubalulekile ngoba igama elilodwa lomsingathi livame ukusebenzela izinhloso eziningi. Izindawo zokungena, izithombe nokulandelela kungabelana isizinda esisodwa, futhi umthetho osusa lonke igama ungase ususe nokusebenza komsebenzi. Inqubomgomo yezinga legama kufanele yamukele lokho kuvumelana noma ikhethe amagama amancane.

Isivimbeli ohlangothini lwekhasimende sihluka kuphi

Ukunwetshwa kwesiphequluli kubona isicelo ngaphambi kokuba siphume, ngakho-ke kungafanisa indlela ye-URL, kukhansela isicelo esithile futhi kufihle isici ebesingabonisa umphumela. Kungavumela example.com/article ngenkathi kunqaba example.com/ads/, lokho okungeke kuveze nanye impendulo ye-DNS. Lowo mbono wezinga lendlela yikhono isixazululi esingenalo. Yingakho futhi uhlu lwezihlungi olwakhelwe ithuluzi elilodwa lungavamile ukuziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwelinye.

Inani ububanzi. Lokho vikela kuhlala ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli esisodwa, kuphrofayela eyodwa, kudivayisi eyodwa, futhi kuyanyamalala lapho umsebenzisi eshintshela kuhlelo olunye. Isihlungi se-DNS esilungiselelwe kugethiwe simboza idivayisi ngayinye esebenzisa isixazululi segethiwe, kuhlanganise namadivayisi okungeke kufakwe kuwo nokunwetshwa.

Akukho ukuhlelwa okuphelele ngakunye. Isihlungi se-DNS asikwazi ukususa isihlonzi esesivele sithunyelwe yikhasi, futhi ukunwetshwa kwesiphequluli akukwazi ukuvikela uhlelo olungakulayishi neze.

Indlela yesixazululi inquma ukuthi noma yini yalokhu iyasebenza yini

I-VPN ingamemezela iseva ye-DNS futhi ingayitholi yonke imibuzo. Isiphequluli esilungiselelwe i-DNS ebethelwe, uhlelo olunesixazululi salo, noma idivayisi esendleleni yenethiwekhi ebhekela eceleni igethiwe, konke kuzobheka kwenye indawo. Amapulatifomu eselula anikeza ngokwanda isethingi ye-DNS yangasese ethula ngokuthule lokho okuhlongozwa umhubhe.

Ngakho-ke hlola indlela hhayi inqubomgomo. Buza isixazululi esihlosiwe ngqo kusukela kugethiwe, bese usibuza kusukela kukhasimende futhi uqhathanise, bese ubheka ukuthi igama okufanele livinjwe liyahluleka yini ohlelweni olusetshenziswa umsebenzisi.

Izimpendulo ezigciniwe namasokhethi avuliwe kwenza lokhu kube nomsindo. Ikhasi eselivele lilayishe izinsiza zalo lizoqhubeka lisebenza ngemuva kokushintsha komthetho, ngakho-ke uxhumano olusha luwukuhlola okungcono kunokulayisha kabusha ithebhu endala.

Hlola izinhlangothi zombili ngaphambi kokumemezela umphumela

Sebenzisa igama ledokhumenti elivinjwe ngamabomu, igama lomphakathi elivunyelwe, kanye negama langasese elidingwa isevisi:

$ dig +short metrics.example @10.40.0.53
$ dig +short example.com @10.40.0.53
$ dig +short intranet.corp.internal @10.40.0.53

Impendulo engenalutho yegama elivinjwe, ikheli elijwayelekile lelomphakathi nekheli langasese lelangaphakathi kuhlangene kukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlunga, ukuxazulula kwaphezulu kanye namarekhodi endawo kuyasebenza. Uma kukho konke kuhluleka, ubheka inkinga yaphezulu noma yesilaleli hhayi isihlungi.

Gcina isimangalo sincane kukho konke okushicilela ngaphakathi. Lokhu ukuhlunga kwesizinda esixazululini, hhayi ukuhlola okuqukethwe, hhayi ukuhlunga kwendlela futhi hhayi isithembiso sokuthi akekho olandelwayo. Shono umnikazi wenqubomgomo, indlela yokwehluka kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwemibuzo kanye nemithetho, ngoba isihlungi esirekhoda konke ukusesha sinezindleko zaso zobumfihlo.