Ingabe i-VPN yashintsha i-DNS yami? Qhathanisa ngaphambi nangemuva
Iphrofayela ingahambisa imibuzo yakho ngamabomu. Qhathanisa inqubomgomo yesixazululi nempendulo yangempela ngaphambi nangemuva kokuxhuma kwe-VPN, ugcina okuguquguqukayo okukodwa.
Uxhuma ithunami, uvula idashibhodi eyimfihlo, futhi igama lixazululwa libe yikheli ongakaze ulibone. Noma kwenzeka okuphambene: isiphequluli siqhubeka sisebenza kuyilapho ithuluzi lomugqa womyalo lingasaxazululi lutho ngokuzumayo. Imiphumela yomibili ivela kushintsho olulodwa, futhi abantu ngokuvamile bayichaza ngomusho owodwa mayelana ne-VPN "esebenzisa i-DNS yayo", okungeyona into enembile ngokwanele ukuze kuxazululwe noma kuqinisekiswe. Kulo msho kukhona imibuzo emibili efihliwe: yimiphi imibuzo okufanele iphrofayela iyithathe, futhi ingabe umshini wakho wayithumela kwisixazululi esayinikezwa? Ukuhlukanisa le mibuzo kuyona yonke indlela, ngoba ukuhlolwa okuxuba kabili kunikeza impendulo engalungile enokuzethemba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Kungani iphrofayela inikeza isixazululi nhlobo
Ngaphakathi kwethunami, amagama angemuva komkhawulo okude ngokuvamile axazululwa abe amakheli akhona kuphela kuleyo nethiwekhi. Isifunda esiyimfihlo esifana ne-corp.internal asinikezwanga umkhiphisi womphakathi, ngakho isixazululi esisisebenzelayo kufanele sifinyeleleke sisuka ngaphakathi kwethunami. Indlela efanayo isebenza inhloso yesibili: lapho imibuzo ibingaphuma ngomhlinzeki wakho, isixazululi esisohlangothini olude sigcina umbuzo ngaphakathi kwendlela ebethelwe. Yingakho ikheli lesiphakeli se-DNS liza njengengxenye yenqubomgomo yokuxhumana hhayi njengesilungiselelo somhlaba jikelele osikhethe kanye kumsihini.
Ikheli lodwa alinqumi lutho. Isixazululi singaphendula kuphela uma kukhona indlela eya kuso, futhi ukwehluleka okuvamile kakhulu isixazululi esifinyeleleka kuphela ngesikhathi ithunami imile. Lapho ithunami iwa futhi inqubomgomo isala, imibuzo iya ekhelini elingenandlela, futhi uphawu isikhathi sokuphelelwa hhayi iphutha elihlanzekile. Lo mehluko ubalulekile lapho ufunda umphumela wokuhlolwa olandelayo, ngoba ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kuthumela abantu ezilungiselweni zokuthutha ezingakaze zihileleke.
Qhathanisa imiklamo emibili ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izimpendulo
Ithunami eligcwele ne-DNS ehlukanisiwe kuletha okulindelekile okuphambene, futhi akukho kokubili okuyiphutha. Ngaphansi kwethunami eligcwele umbuzo ngamunye ungaya kumhlinzeki noma kusixazululi senkampani, ngakho amagama omphakathi aphendula ngendlela ehlukile ngemuva kokuxhuma kulindelekile. Ngaphansi kwe-DNS ehlukanisiwe amadomeni asohlwini kuphela aya kusixazululi esiyimfihlo kuyilapho konke okunye kuhlala kusendaweni; ku-Windows uhlu lwamadomeni lusekhona ku-Name Resolution Policy Table, ku-macOS kumadomeni ahambisanayo ezilungiselelo ze-DNS, nakumgcini we-systemd-resolved kumadomeni omzila wokuxhumana ngakunye.
Yilo mqhathaniso okufanele wenziwe kuqala, ngoba unquma ukuthi yini ethathwa njengephutha. Nge-DNS ehlukanisiwe, igama lomphakathi eliphendula lisuka kusixazululi esisha yilona okufanele kuphenywe, kuyilapho igama langaphakathi eliphendula ngendlela efanele liwuhlelo olwenza umsebenzi walo. Ngethunami eligcwele, into engajwayelekile igama lomphakathi elisaphendula lisuka kusixazululi somhlinzeki wakho. Imibhalo ye-Microsoft mayelana nokuxazululwa kwamagama e-VPN ichaza ukulandelana kwe-Windows kwale mithetho, kuhlanganise nokuthi ingeno yenqubomgomo ehambisanayo ibhekwa kanjani ngaphambi kwamaseva omshini wokuxhumana ngokwawo.
Kunesisixazululi sesithathu ekamelweni okulula ukusikhohlwa. I-DNS ephephile yesiphequluli ixazulula amagama ngokwayo futhi ingaqhubeka iphendula ngemuva kokuthi ithunami ishintshe inqubomgomo yohlelo lokusebenza, ngakho ikhasi elilayishayo libonisa ukuthi isixazululi sesiphequluli sisebenzile, hhayi ukuthi iphrofayela isetshenzisiwe. Uma uqhathanisa kuphela okuboniswa isiphequluli, ingxenye yesikhathi uhlola isendlalelo esingalungile.
Rekhoda umugqa wesisekelo ngokuguquguqukayo okukodwa kuphela
Shintsha ithunami. Ungashintshi futhi igama, ithuluzi noma isijobelelo sokusesha esinyathelweni esifanayo. Khetha igama okuvunyelwe ukulibuza, qaphela ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisile, futhi ubhale ikheli elibuyile noma iphutha eliqondile. Ku-Windows Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 liprinta amaseva ngomshini wokuxhumana ngamunye futhi Get-DnsClientNrptPolicy liprinta izingeno zenqubomgomo; ku-Linux ene-systemd-resolved resolvectl status likhombisa amaseva e-DNS namadomeni omzila ngokuxhumana ngakunye; ku-macOS scutil --dns liprinta ukulandelana kwesixazululi uhlelo oluzolulandela ngempela.
Bese uxhuma ngezilawuli ezijwayelekile zeklayenti futhi uphinde imiyalo efanayo ngqo. Gcina umphumela wokuqala esikhundleni sokuwukhumbula, ngoba ukuqhathanisa kuyiyo yonke inhloso futhi ukufunda kwesibili okuthathwe ngemuva kokuqedwa kwekhashi sekunye isilinganiso. Uma umugqa wesisekelo wathathwa isiphequluli siphambili futhi ukusebenza ngemuva kokuxhuma kwenzeka kutheminali, uqhathanisa izixazululi ezimbili, hhayi izimo ezimbili zesixazululi esisodwa.
Umbuzo ocacile nokusesha kohlelo lokusebenza kuyizivivinyo ezihlukene
Ukubuza iseva ethile, nge-nslookup name 10.20.0.1 noma nge-dig @10.20.0.1 name, kufakazela into eyodwa: ukuthi iseva oyishilo iyaphendula lapho ungayifinyelela. Kweqa ngokuphelele umqondo wokukhetha, ngakho akukwazi ukukutshela ukuthi uhlelo lwalungayikhetha yini leyo seva yaleli gama. Yisebenzise ukuhlola ukuthi isixazululi esabelwe siyafinyeleleka yini, futhi ungayisebenzisi ukuhlola inqubomgomo.
Ukusesha ngesixazululi sasendaweni kusebenzisa ukukhetha ngempela. I-resolvectl query name idlula imithetho efanayo yamadomeni omzila futhi ibika ukuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi ephendulile, i-Resolve-DnsName ku-Windows idlula kuthebula lenqubomgomo nasemkhondweni weklayenti, futhi i-scutil --dns ikhombisa ukulandelana okuzolandelwa ukusesha. Sebenzisa zombili izinhlobo futhi uzigeine emakholomu ahlukene emibhalweni yakho. Umbuzo ocacile ophumelelayo eduze nokusesha kohlelo olwehlulekile kuyinkinga yomzila noma yokukhetha, hhayi isixazululi esenqabayo ukusebenza.
Ikhashi limi phakathi kwakho nempendulo. Uhlelo lokusebenza, isixazululi se-stub sasendaweni, isiphequluli nekhashi elingemihle konke kugcina imiphumela, ngakho ukusesha kungaphumelela ngaphandle kokuthi ngisho iphakethe elilodwa liphume emshinini. Rekhoda umphumela ngaphambi kokukhipha noma yini: ipconfig /flushdns, resolvectl flush-caches noma sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder ku-macOS. Yeqa ukusethwa kabusha kwenethiwekhi okubanzi kulesi sigaba, ngoba kucekela phansi ubufakazi obusaqoqwa.
Umehluko usho ukuthini
Qhathanisa imigqa emibili oyirekhodile futhi uhlukanise ushintsho ngaphambi kokuthinta ngisho isilungiselelo esisodwa.
| Observation after connect | Most likely cause | Next step |
|---|---|---|
| Answer moves to a private address range | Expected under split DNS or a private zone | Confirm the suffix is in the effective policy, then test the service |
| Lookup times out while connected, works after disconnect | The assigned resolver has no route from this machine | Probe it with an explicit query, then re-read the policy |
| Internal name fails, public names work | Wrong namespace or a suffix missing from the policy | Query the fully qualified name and check the domain list per platform |
| Internal name returns a public address | Split DNS not applied; a public resolver answered | Check browser secure DNS first, then the per-link domain list |
Umugqa owodwa ufanele ukugcizelelwa. Igama elixazulukayo akusilo isevisi esebenzayo, futhi impumelelo ye-DNS isho kuphela ukuthi ikheli litholakele. Ayisho lutho mayelana nokudlulisa, imithetho yocingo lomlilo noma ukuthi i-akhawunti yakho ingayisebenzisa nhlobo yini le sevisi, ngakho qeda ngokuhlola uhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ukwehluleka kuhlehle kwayo.
Buyisela umugqa wesisekelo futhi uqinisekise
Nqamula ngezilawuli zeklayenti ngokwazo esikhundleni sokubulala inqubo, bese ufunda futhi imiyalo emithathu efanayo. Amaseva ngokuxhumana ngakunye, izingeno zenqubomgomo kanye nempendulo yegama lakho lokuhlola kufanele kubuyele kumugqa wesisekelo owawubhale ngaphambili. Ingeno yenqubomgomo esala ngemuva kokunqamuka okuhlanzekile iyiphutha langempela elifanele ukurekhodwa, futhi yingakho ukuhlela ngesandla ifayela lesixazululi elikhiqiziwe kuwumkhuba omubi: ifayela liyabhalwa kabusha futhi ukuhlela kunyamalale, noma ukuhlela kusale futhi kubambe isixazululi esingasenawo umzila.
Dlula loluhlu kanye, ngokulandelana. Nquma ukuthi iyiphi imiklamo eyenziwa iphrofayela ngaphambi kokwahlulela noma yimuphi umphumela. Gcina igama, ithuluzi nesijobelelo kungashintshi kukho kokubili ukusebenza. Hlukanisa umbuzo ocacile nokusesha kohlelo lokusebenza. Funda inqubomgomo esebenzayo, hhayi impendulo kuphela. Khipha amakhashi ekugcineni, ngemuva kokuba ukuqhathanisa kubhaliwe. Qinisekisa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwangempela, bese uqala kabusha kanye futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isimo sokunqanyulwa sisihlanzekile.