I-Smart TV ku-VPN: kungani i-casting ne-DNS kuhlukana
Qondisa ithrafikhi ye-TV ku-router, bese ubheka isikhethi, isixazululi, i-IPv6 kanye nomzila we-casting njengezihlolo ezine ezihlukene.
I-TV yakho ikhombisa ikhathalogi yangaphandle, futhi inkinobho ye-casting yocingo ayisayifaki ohlwini. Zombili izikhalazo ziqala ngomusho owodwa obala izilungiselelo ezine emakhasini amane e-router. Lungisa ukuphuma futhi ukutholwa kuyaphuka; lungisa ukutholwa futhi isivumelwano esilandelayo sinikeza ukuphuma kwenye enye idivayisi. Ukulandelana ngezansi kusuka kusikhethi kuya emzileni we-casting.
Lapho isinqumo ngasinye kwezine sihlala khona
Bhala zozine ngaphambi kokuvula imenyu, ngoba ngayinye ihlala ekhasini elihlukile futhi yehluleka endaweni ehlukile. Isikhethi sikhetha ukuthi i-tunnel isebenza kukuphi iklayenti, isixazululi sinquma ukuthi amagama aphendulwa kuphi, umndeni wamakheli unquma ukuthi i-IPv6 ihlanganisiwe noma cha, futhi umzila wasekhaya unquma ukuthi ucingo ne-TV kusabonana yini. Ushintsho kolunye lubonakala luphelele kusukela ekhasini omile kulo. Umonakalo wezinye ezintathu uvela kamuva, kwenye imenyu, njengesinye isikhalazo.
Amamenyu e-firmware ayahluka, kodwa izindawo ezine azivamisile ukuhluka. Isikhethi ukumephu okungaguquki kuseva ye-DHCP kanye nomthetho we-firewall ohambisanayo. Isixazululi sihlala eduze kwensiza ye-DNS, lapho okufakiwe kokudlulisa noma uhlu lwamaseva aphezulu kunquma ukuthi i-router iphendula amagama api futhi imibuzo iphuma kuphi. Isilungiselelo somndeni singesokuxhumana uqobo, lapho i-IPv4 ne-IPv6 zilungiswa ngokwehlukana futhi inqubomgomo ingahlanganisa eyokuqala kuphela. Umzila wasekhaya isiswishi sendawo yokufinyelela, noma ukwehlukaniswa kwamaklayenti noma inethiwekhi yezivakashi ene-firewall yayo.
Vumela isikhethi siphile isikhathi eside kunokuboleka
Inqubomgomo yedivayisi ngayinye kanye nengxenye eyabelwe kuyasebenza, futhi ukukhetha okungcono yilokho i-firmware engakugcina ngaphandle kokuthi omunye umuntu akukhumbule. Ugibe umthetho ogxilile ekhelini elinikezwe yiseva ye-DHCP ngokohlelo lwayo: kusebenza kuze kusuke ukuboleka, bese kuhambisa i-laptop kwelinye izwe ngezizathu umnikazi angaziboni. Ukuqina, hhayi ukuhleleka, yikhwalithi efanele ukwenziwa ngcono.
| Rule names the TV by | After the next lease | What it costs |
|---|---|---|
| whatever address it has now | may point at another client | silent misrouting weeks later |
| a reserved address | holds, if the reservation ships with it | one more entry to keep in step |
| a hardware address | holds, unless the device rotates it | privacy features can break it |
| a whole segment | holds for every device on it | neighbours inherit the exit |
Thumela ukugcinwa nomthetho njengoshintsho olulodwa, ngoba umthetho ophila isikhathi eside kunokugcinwa kwawo ugxile ku-hardware yomunye umuntu. Umthetho wengxenye yonke uyisikhethi esihlala isikhathi eside futhi esiqinile kakhulu, ngoba yonke idivayisi ngemuva kwalokho kuxhumana izuza ukuphuma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekuyidinga noma cha. Noma yisiphi isikhethi osikhethayo, umbuzo wokumboza uza ngemuva: inqubomgomo ye-IPv4 kuphela iyingxenye yesinqumo, futhi umndeni ongamboziwe yiwo ophuma ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.
Thola ukuthi i-TV isebenzisa isiphi isixazululi ngempela
Vula izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ze-TV uqobo ngaphambi kokuthinta i-router, ngoba idivayisi inquma le mpikiswano. Inkambu ye-DNS ebekwe ngesandla iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa leso seva noma i-DHCP inikeza ini, futhi ibhokisi le-set-top elake lalungiselwa esinye isifunda lingase lisakhomba ekhelini elingasaphenduli. Uma inkambu izenzakalela, ukukhetha kwe-DHCP ye-router kunquma, futhi isixazululi se-router uqobo siba umbuzo olandelayo. Noma kunjalo impendulo isesikrinini sedivayisi, hhayi encwadini ye-firmware.
Ohlangothini lwe-router, umehluko obalulekile uphakathi kwamagama i-router eziphendula wona kanye namagama ewadlulisayo, ngoba lezi zindlela ezimbili zingaphuma ngezixhumanisi ezihlukene. Ngakho ukusesha okuxazululwa kahle akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi isicelo semidiya siya kuphi, futhi ku-gateway ye-Linux ithebula lenqubomgomo kanye nokusesha komzila okukodwa kuphendula imibuzo yomibili ngaphandle kokubamba lutho ku-TV:
ip rule show
ip route get 203.0.113.10Funda umyalo wokuqala womthetho ophawula ithrafikhi ye-TV kanye nowesibili wokuxhumana iphakethe eliya ekhelini lesibonelo elizosebenzisa ngempela. Uma kokubili kungavumelani, isixazululi asiyona inhlanzi; inqubomgomo iyona. Shintsha into eyodwa, bese ugijima kabusha laba ababili, ngoba uhlu lwemithetho lubucayi ekulandelaneni futhi okufakiwe okusha kungase kusithe umthetho owawuthwele ithrafikhi. Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo igcinelwe imibhalo, ngakho okukhiphiwe okunamathisiwe kufundwa njengesibonelo.
I-casting iphuka ekutholweni, hhayi emfudumalweni
I-casting izingxoxo ezintathu okungenani futhi eyodwa kuphela ephethe ividiyo. Ucingo luthola i-TV nge-multicast noma i-broadcast engxenyeni yasekhaya, luvula isiteshi sokulawula ukuthi kudlalwe ini, bese i-TV ithatha umfudumalo ngokwayo noma iwuthola udluliselwe ocingweni. Ukutholwa akukaze kweqe i-router engayidlulisi leyo thrafikhi, futhi yileyo ndlela i-TV engahambiswa ngqo njengoba bekuhloswe futhi ingaveli neze ohlwini lwe-casting.
Amanethiwekhi ezivakashi nokwehlukaniswa kwamaklayenti yizona zizathu ezivamile, futhi zombili zenza ngqo lokho ezilungiselwe kona. Ukucisha ukwehlukaniswa kuyo yonke inethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze idivayisi eyodwa iphinde ivele kuwukulungisa ngokweqile okuvamile, futhi kuvula kabusha yonke indlela yocingo-kuya-ocingweni eyayikhona ukuze ukuvala. Izimpendulo ezincane zikhona: umthetho wokudlula wethrafikhi yokutholwa nokulawula phakathi kwamakheli amabili, i-SSID ehlukile yama-TV, noma ukukhululwa okubhaliwe okukodwa kunethiwekhi yezivakashi.
Hlola i-casting ngenkathi umthetho wokwehlukaniswa usendaweni, bese wengeza kuphela ukukhululwa kokutholwa futhi uhlole futhi. Uma umzamo wesibili uthola i-TV, ukukhululwa yikhona ukulungisa futhi ingxenye eseleyo ingahlala njengoba yayinjalo.
Misa i-tunnel bese ubona ukuthi iphuka ngakuphi
Isihlolo sokugcina yileso izilungiselelo eziningi ezisidlulayo: yehlisa i-tunnel bese ubona ukuthi i-TV iyama noma iphuma buthule ngokuxhumana kwasekhaya. Inqubomgomo ekhombisa ukuthanda yehluleka ivulekile, futhi lokho kwehluleka kulula ukukushiya ngoba ukudlala kuyaqhubeka ngenkathi ukuphuma kubuyela ku-ISP. Umthetho we-kill-switch wehluleka uvaliwe esikhundleni, futhi i-TV ayibiki lutho kuze kubuya i-tunnel. Akukho ukuziphatha kokubili okungalungile; ukungazi ukuthi yikuphi okulungiselele yikhona okungalungile.
Hlola futhi izinto ezine ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho, ngalokhu kulandelana. Isikhethi sisahambisana nedivayisi ngemuva kokuboleka noma ukuqalisa kabusha okulandelayo. Isixazululi siphendula emzileni ohlosiwe yinqubomgomo, hhayi isuka kuseva idivayisi eyayikhumbula yona. Umndeni wamakheli enqubomgomo uhlanganisa wonke umndeni i-TV nenethiwekhi yokufinyelela ezisebenzisa ngempela. I-casting isathola i-TV ocingweni oluzosebenza ngempela, hhayi ocingweni lokuhlola oluhlezi ku-SSID efanayo.
Gcina leyo mibhalo emine eceleni kokulungiswa kwe-router, hhayi emgqeni wengxoxo: umthetho uhambisana nani, i-TV ibuza isiphi isixazululi, yimuphi umndeni ohlanganisiwe, futhi i-casting idinga umuphi umzila wasekhaya. Umuntu olandelayo ozovula i-firewall uzofunda ukulungiswa kude ngaphambi kokufunda ithikithi. Ngaleso sikhathi, lowo muntu kungenzeka kube nguwe.