Ingabe isayithi ikuvimbela kuphela uma i-VPN ivuliwe? Yikho esikubonayo
Ukuvinjwa ngokuvamile ikheli lokuphuma, hhayi ukuvuza. Hlola inethiwekhi okubonakala sengathi ithrafikhi yakho ivela kuyo, isixazululi isayithi esingasiqopha, nokuthi yini ikhodi yekhasi eyaziyo.
Isitolo silayisha kahle ekhaya futhi sikhombisa udonga lwe-«trafikhi engajwayelekile» ngaso leso sikhathi lapho umhubhe unyuka. Iforamu iyenqaba ukukufaka, futhi ikhasi lokusakaza ligcizelela ukuthi uswezweni ongakaze ulivakashele. Akukho kulokhu okudinga isofthiwe yokugqoka. Isayithi sibona ikheli lapho amaphakethe akho efika khona, futhi nge-VPN lelo kheli lingelasekhaya ledatha, hhayi ulayini wasekhaya. Ingxenye enkulu yalokho okubizwa ngokutholwa kwe-VPN iqala futhi iphele ngalelo qiniso elilodwa, futhi okusele kungukuqagela okunesilinganiso sephutha esingabikezelwa.
Ukuvinjwa kuqala lapho amaphakethe akho ebonakala evela khona
Isicelo ngasinye sithwala ikheli lomthombo, futhi iseva eyamukelayo ingalifuna kudatha yomphakathi: iyiphi inethiwekhi eliyamemezelayo, ingabe leyo nethiwekhi ingumhlinzeki wokubamba, ingabe ike yavela ezinhlwini zokuhlukunyezwa, nokuthi iyiphi izwe elinikezwa yirejista. Akukho kulokhu okukuhlonza, futhi konke kuhlangene kwanele ukukubeka esigabeni.
Bheka ithrafikhi yakho njengoba umfokazi angayibheka. Imiyalo emibili ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yendawo, futhi eyesibili iyona abantu abayikhohlwayo:
curl -sS https://ipinfo.io/json
dig +short TXT o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.comEyokuqala ibuyisela ikheli lokuphuma, inhlangano yalo nezwe lalo. Eyesibili ibuyisela ikheli lesixazululi esafinyelela iseva yamagama ye-Google; lokhu ngokuvamile kungokwenye inethiwekhi kunokuphuma kwakho, futhi yilona kheli isayithi elibonayo uma siqopha idatha ohlangothini lwesixazululi. Lapho lezi ezimbili zingezamazwe ahlukene, ezinye izayithi zibheka ukungafani njengokungabazeka noma kungebona ubufakazi bokuthi ukulungiselela kwakho kunenkinga.
Lapho ukwenqatshwa kuqala kuphela ngemva kokunyuka komhubhe, sola ikheli lokuphuma ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye. Shintsha iseva bese uzama futhi ngaphambi kokuthinta isiphequluli. Ukuvinjwa okukulandela emikhawulweni emithathu yomhlinzeki oyedwa kumayelana nobubanzi bomhlinzeki; ukuvinjwa okunyamalala kuseseva esinye kumayelana nalelo kheli elilodwa.
Isikhathi sendawo, ulimi newashi akuhambisani nekheli
Ikhodi yekhasi ingafunda isikhathi sendawo yakho, izintandokazi zakho zolimi nezilungiselelo zesikrini ngaphandle kwesicelo semvume. Isiphequluli esibika isikhathi saseYurophu Ephakathi ngesikhathi uxhumo luvela esikhungweni sedatha eSingapore siyisiginali enamandla kunekheli lodwa, futhi yilokho kungafani okwakhiwe ukuthi ukukala kobuqili kukuqaphele.
Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone
navigator.language
Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().localeLeyo migqa emithathu kukhonsoli yomthuthukisi ikutshela ukuthi isiphequluli sakho sinikeza ini ngokuzithandela. Iklayenti le-VPN lingashintsha indlela yakho futhi akukho okunye, ngakho iphrofayela oyiphethe ihlala ingeyasekhaya kuyilapho ukuphuma kwakho kungenjalo. Okubalulekile lapha ukuhambisana: ikhompyutha ephathekayo ebekwe esifundeni esifanayo nokuphuma ibonakala ijwayelekile, futhi leyo eziphikisayo ayibonakali.
Yingakho ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Izayithi eziningi azinandaba, ezimbalwa ziyakukala, futhi isayithi esisodwa sobumemba sinquma ukuthi uyisikhohlisi. Iklayenti lisebenza kahle kuzo zontathu izimo, yingakho impendulo evamile yokusekelwa, «kumele kube yisiphequluli sakho», ikhathaza futhi iqinisile ngokwengxenye.
Ikhodi yekhasi yazi ini ngomshini wakho
I-JavaScript ayinayo i-API ebala izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi. Ikhasi alikwazi ukubuza ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho inamaphi amakheli, ngakho isimangalo sakudala sokuthi iskripthi sifunda ikheli lakho le-LAN siyisikhumbuzo senkathi yezithasiselo, lapho izilawuli ze-ActiveX, ama-applet e-Java nokunye ikhodi yemvelo kwakukwazi ukwenza lokho.
| Signal | What it reveals | Status today |
|---|---|---|
| Source address of the request | Exit network, country, hosting status | Always visible; the main signal |
| Time zone and language | Where the profile claims to be | Readable without permission |
| WebRTC candidates | Local addresses, historically | Host candidates are mDNS-obfuscated by default |
| Interface list | All local addresses | Not available to ordinary JavaScript |
I-WebRTC iwukuphela okuqotho emthethweni wokuthi «akukho ukuvuza kwamakheli endawo». Ukuqoqwa kwabangeneleli bayo kwakugqamisa amakheli endawo kunoma yiliphi ikhasi elalikucela, futhi ukulungiswa kwaba ukufaka amagama e-mDNS angahleliwe esikhundleni sabangeneleli basesikhungo. Lokho okuzenzakalelayo kuyasebenza kuziphequluli zamanje, kodwa kuyisinqumo sesiphequluli hhayi isiqinisekiso sephrothokholi, ngakho ukwakhiwa okudala noma ukulungiselelwa okuqinile okuvula kabusha abangeneleli bendawo kusengavuza. Ukubuyekeza isiphequluli kukusiza lapha ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isandiso.
Umhlinzeki wakho ubona amagama, hhayi okuqukethwe
I-HTTPS ivikela okuqukethwe kwekhasi kusukela ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni, futhi umqhubi womhubhe odlulisa lawo ma-byte akakwazi ukuwafunda. Umqhubi usengabona ukuthi uxhumane naluphi ikheli, futhi eziningi izilungiselelo ubona negama leseva ekuxhawuleni, ngoba igama kumele lifundeke ukuze uxhumo luqondiswe esayithini efanele. I-Encrypted Client Hello ikhona khona ukuze ifihle leyo nsimu, futhi isiza kuphela lapho iklayenti nesayithi zombili ziyisekela.
Ukuxazululwa kwamagama ingxenye enye. Uma umhlinzeki wakho enikezela ngesixazululi futhi, ubona lonke igama olifunayo ngaphambi kokuba kube khona uxhumo. Uma idivayisi yakho isebenzisa isixazululi somphakathi nge-HTTPS, umhlinzeki ubona uxhumo kuleso sixazululi futhi akukho okunye, kuyilapho uhlu lulubona isixazululi ngokwaso.
Isicelo se-HTTP esingabhalwe ngemfihlo siyafundeka kumqhubi ngesizathu esifanayo sokuthi siyafundeka kunethiwekhi yehhotela: akukho lutho ngaphakathi olubhalwe ngemfihlo. Umhubhe awukaze usho okuphambene, futhi awulungisi ukukhetha kohlelo lokusebenza.
Hlukanisa «le yi-VPN» ku-«lo nginguye»
Ukutholwa kushibhile, kuncike emathubeni futhi kuvame ukungalungi. Amakheli okuphuma abiwekezelwe asayinwa ngoba omunye umuntu uwasebenzise kabi, ububanzi bezinkampani buhlukaniswa njengokubamba, futhi abahlinzeki beziteshi beselula bakhiqiza imiphumela yendawo emangaza wonke umuntu. Ukuhlonza kwenye inkinga: kudinga isixhumanisi esiqhubekayo njenge-akhawunti oyingene kuyo, ikhukhi, imininingwane yokukhokha, noma ababukeli ababili abaqhathanisa amanothi.
Nquma ukuthi ngempela ulwa nani. Uma umgomo ukufunda ikhasi, i-HTTPS isivele yenza lowo msebenzi futhi umhubhe ushintsha kancane. Uma umgomo ukuvimbela isayithi ukuthi sazi ukuthi usedolobheni liphi, ukuphuma nesixazululi kubalulekile. Uma umgomo ukunqamula isixhumanisi nobuwena bangempela, i-akhawunti iyindawo ebuthakathaka, futhi ukushintsha amaseva akwenzi lutho ekungeneni okusanda kusetshenziswa.
Ukuphuma okusha akukukhiphi kukho konke, futhi akukwazi ukususa lokho isayithi esivele sikugcinile mayelana ne-akhawunti oyisebenzisile. Ngakho ukulandelana okusebenzayo akunabukhazikhazi: khetha ukuphuma okubonakala inethiwekhi yayo ijwayelekile, gcina iphrofayela yesiphequluli ihambisana nakho, buyekeza isiphequluli ukuze izici ezisengozini yokuvuza zisebenzise okuzenzakalelayo zesimanjemanje, futhi wamukele ukuthi izayithi ezimbalwa zisazoqagela kabi ngawe.