Imvume yokusesha kuyo yonke indawo ngaphambi kokhiye

Imodi engu-0600 nomnikazi ofanele akufakazeli ukuthi isevisi ingavula ukhiye. Imvume engekho ivamise ukuba sendaweni engaphezulu. I-Linux ixazulula indlela ingxenye eyodwa ngesikhathi, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga imvume yokusesha ngaphambi kokuzama esilandelayo. Funda yonke indlela, hhayi umugqa wokugcina wohlu.

Imvume yokufunda iyisinyathelo sokugcina, hhayi ukuphela

Ukuvula ifayela kudinga ukuthi i-kernel ihamba isuka empandeni noma endaweni yokusebenza ngayo yonke ingxenye yendlela. Indawo engenayo imvume yokusesha imisa lokho kuhamba ngephutha lemvume. Imodi yefayela ngokwalo ayibukwa neze, ngakho ukhiye ofundeka ngokuphelele ubonakala ungafundeki. Iphutha livamise ukuza ngesikhathi sokuvula ngaphandle kokusho indawo, yingakho ifayela lokugcina lisolwa.

Endaweni, ibhithi yokwenza isho ukusesha, hhayi ukwenza okuqukethwe. Ukhiye uhlala uyidatha, futhi akekho ingxenye yalokhu kulungisa edinga ukuphawulwa njengokwenzeka.

Hamba indlela njenge-akhawunti yesevisi

Bhala ingxenye ngayinye nomnikazi wayo nemodi yayo, bese uphinda ukufunda njengobunikazi bangempela besevisi. Umehluko phakathi kwe-shell yakho ne-daemon uvamise ukuba yimpendulo yonke. Landela izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso kuze kufike emphakathini wangempela, ngoba indlela exazululiwe iyona ehlolwayo.

namei -l /etc/openvpn/client/office.key
sudo -u vpn-reader stat -c '%A %U:%G %n' /etc/openvpn/client/office.key

Isevisi ingavula amafayela ngezigaba ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ezinye izinto zifundwa ngesikhathi sokuhlela okunamalungelo, kanti amanye amafayela avulwa ngemuva kokulahla amalungelo. I-shell ye-root efunda ifayela ayikhiqizi kabusha ukufinyelela komsebenzi wakamuva. Isikhala samagama sokufaka singethula umbono ohlukile wendlela efanayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwe-container, ngakho qhathanisa umbono wesistimu yamafayela we-daemon nowakho.

Shintsha imvume encane kunazo zonke efanele

Khetha ukuhleleka okuncane kunakho konke okunikeza inqubo ukufinyelela: iqembu elilawulwayo elinokusesha ezindaweni ezidingekayo, indawo elawulwayo isevisi esivele inayo, noma enye indlela ebhaliwe. Ukufunda ifayela akudingi imvume yokubhala endaweni yalo. Imvume ebanzi yokubhala yeqembu ekuhleleni okunamalungelo akuyona ukulungiswa kokudlula okuvamile. I-0777 ephindaphindayo nayo ayisona isisombululo.

Bhala ukuthi yikuphi ukushintshile nokuthi kungani. Ushintsho lwemvume ngaphandle kwesizathu esibhaliwe lunzima ukulubuyekeza futhi kulula ukulukhohlwa.

Buka ngale kwezimo kuphela ngemva kokuhamba

Uma amabhithi emodi ebonakala anele, ukuhlola okusele yi-ACL, inqubomgomo yezokuphepha kanye nemikhawulo ye-sandbox. I-ACL inganikeza ukufinyelela okubonisa amabhithi emodi ukuthi akukho, noma inqabe ukufinyelela okubonakala kukuvumela. Lezo zilungiselelo zingezomnikazi wokuhlela okhona, futhi kufanele zilungiswe ngokucinene esikhundleni sokucishwa. Umehluko wempande noma wendawo yokusebenza ungachaza nendlela ephelele esebenza kwesinye isimo yehluleke kwesinye.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ifayela liyini ngesikhathi ulungisa ukufinyelela. Isitifiketi se-CA singesidlangalaleni ngokwakhiwa; ukhiye oyimfihlo awunjalo. Amafayela akhiqizwa kabusha yiklayenti nawo adinga amalungelo okubhala ahlukile kukhiiye lobunikazi elifundwa kuphela. Hlola imethadatha ngaphandle kokuphrinta izimfihlo, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi ngokwayo iyasebenza ngemva koshintsho. Inothi elifushane embhalweni wesevisi lisindisa umuntu olandelayo uhambo olufanayo.