Indlela yokuxosha umzila wakudala oshiywe yi-Windows VPN

Isikhathi sakho siphume emahoreni ambalwa adlule, i-adapter ayisekho, kodwa umzila usemthethweni futhi ukhomba ku-interface 42. Ukususa lowo mugqa kudinga umyalo owodwa; ukunquma ukuthi uwona mugqa ofanele kudinga ukuhlola okune. Ithebula lemizila kwabelwana ngalo, ngakho ukususa okubanzi kususa izindlela ezisasetshenziswa ezinye izixhumanisi, kuhlanganise naleyo ethwala ithunaneli. Isinyathelo ngasinye ngezansi sinciphisa umgomo kuze kube ukufakwa okukodwa kuphela okungafana.

1. Nquma ukuthi ukufakwa kugugile noma kwenziwe ngamabomu

Ukufakwa okwasinda ekuqaliseni kabusha kwabhalwa endaweni ethile, futhi leyo ndawo ngokuvamile isinqumo hhayi ingozi. Ithunaneli elihlukanisiwe lincike emizileni ebukeka njengezinsalela ngqo, futhi inqubomgomo eya phambili ngesiqalo esisodwa ngethunaneli ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokufakwa okugugile ohlwini olulodwa. Buza ukuthi umzila wavela nini: lowo okhona kuphela ngesikhathi ithunaneli lisebenza ungowokuhlelwa kwekhasimende, ngakho umyalo wokuhlanza uyithuluzi elingalungile. Susa umzila wamabomu, futhi ukuxhumana okulandelayo kuzohluleka esinyathelweni okungekho muntu osibhekile.

Umzila wendawo yokugcina ufanelwe isexwayiso sawo. Lapho ikhasimende lengeza umzila womsingathi ku-server ye-VPN ukuze amaphakethe abethelwe ngemfihlo afinyelele kuyo ngoxhumano lwasendaweni, ukususa lowo mzila kudiliza ithunaneli ekuxhumaneni okulandelayo, futhi uphawu lubhekwa njengokwehluleka kweserver. Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, qhathanisa indawo oya kuyo nekhasi ikhasimende elixhumana nalo: ikheli elilodwa lomphakathi elihambisana ne-server ye-VPN liyindlela yangaphandle, hhayi udoti.

2. Bhala izinkambu ezine ezibiza ukufakwa ngegama

Isiqalo sisodwa akusona ubunikazi, ngoba ama-interface amabili angaba nemizila eya endaweni efanayo. Bhala isiqalo sendawo, inkomba ye-interface, ukugxuma okulandelayo kanye nesitoreji somgomo, ngoba lezo zindinganiso ezine zichaza ukufakwa okukodwa ngqo. Uhlu olulodwa lukunikeza konke:

Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | Sort-Object RouteMetric

Ukuhlunga nge-metric kuphakamisa imizila imishini ekhetha ngempela, futhi yilapho insalela ivame ukuhlala khona. Qhathanisa ukufakwa ngesikhathi ithunaneli lisebenza futhi futhi ngemva kokuthi liwile: umzila ohamba ne-adapter kwakungowekhasimende, futhi osele wabhalwa enye into. Isitoreji somgomo yinkambu abantu abayeqayo, futhi yiso esichaza ukuvela kabusha, ngoba ukufakwa okususwe esitorejini elisebenzayo kubuya ngemva kokuvuselelwa komgomo okulandelayo. Bhala izindinganiso ezine ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yini eshintsha isimo.

3. Buka kuqala ukususwa, bese ususa ukufakwa okukodwa

I-Remove-NetRoute yamukela isiqalo esifanayo kanye nenkomba ye-interface eyaphrintwa yi-Get-NetRoute, futhi ineswishi yokubuka kuqala, ngakho akukho okufanele kuqagelwe. Sebenzisa lezi zimbili ngokulandelana:

Remove-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 10.20.0.0/16 -InterfaceIndex 42 -WhatIf
Remove-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 10.20.0.0/16 -InterfaceIndex 42

Ukubuka kuqala kuphrinta into ekuzosuswa, ngakho qhathanisa isiqalo, i-interface kanye nokugxuma okulandelayo namaphuzu akho ngaphambi kokudedela iswishi. Awukho umugqa ofinyelela ekufakweni okuhlala njalo, ngoba isitoreji esisebenzayo siwukuhlelwa okuzenzakalelayo; engeza -PolicyStore PersistentStore lapho umzila okuwutholile uhlala khona, uma kungenjalo ukususa kubonakala kusebenzile futhi ukufakwa kubuya ekuvuselelweni komgomo okulandelayo. Gcina indlela yokubuyisela engaphandle kwebhendi lapho isikhathi sikude, ngoba ukususa umzila othwala ukuxhumana kwakho uqobo kukuphelisa. Ungalokothi welulele emyalweni ohlanza ithebula.

4. Thola ingxenye ebuyisela emuva

Ukususa akusona isixazululo uma umnikazi esalungiselelwe ukufaka umzila. Umnikazi ngokuvamile ungenye yezintathu: iphrofayela yekhasimende le-VPN nohlu lwayo lwethunaneli elihlukanisiwe, iskripthi noma umsebenzi ohleliwe owengeza imizila lapho kungena, noma inqubomgomo yesizinda esetshenziswa emshinini. Hlola iphrofayela kuqala, ngoba isebenza kukho konke ukuxhumana:

Get-VpnConnection | Select-Object Name,SplitTunneling,ServerAddress
Get-NetRoute -PolicyStore PersistentStore

Ukufakwa okuhlala njalo kubonakala ngaphandle kokuxhuma noma yini, ngakho umzila obuya ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha ngaphandle kwesikhathi se-VPN cishe uhlala kuleso sitoreji noma kuskripthini yokuqalisa. Lungisa umnikazi lapho, futhi ukususa ngesandla kuba ukuqinisekisa esikhundleni sokwelapha.

5. Qinisekisa ukusesha, omakhelwane kanye nenothi

Umphumela ohlanzekile awukona ukuthi umzila unyamalele; ukusesha manje esikhetha i-interface obukade uyilindele. Buza umshini ukuthi iphakethe eliya esiqalweni esithintekile lizokuya kuphi, ngoba insalela isabiza inkomba efile kanti impendulo ehlanzekile ibiza i-interface esemgqeni noma isango elifanele. I-Find-NetRoute iphendula lokho ngekheli elilodwa ngesikhathi:

Find-NetRoute -RemoteIPAddress 10.20.4.7

Bese uhlola umakhelwane: khetha isiqalo sesibili ithunaneli elihlukanisiwe elisalidinga futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukusesha kwakho akukashintshi, ngoba ukususa umzila owodwa ngokweqile iyiphutha leli hlanzeko elikumemayo. Zama futhi uhlelo lokusebenza olwahluleka ekuqaleni, futhi bhala ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye esingumnikazi wesiqalo manje. Idokhumenti ye-Microsoft ye-Get-NetRoute ibala izinkambu ozibhalile esinyathelweni sesibili. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kusuka manje, lelo nothi liyona nto evimbela ukufakwa okufanayo ukuthi kuxilongwe kabili.