Uhlu lwe-VPN olusesidlangalaleni luthi kuxhumekile; iklayenti lakho lithi cha

Uvula uhla lwemibhalo, uhlela ngokushesha, ukhetha inodi emakwe ngokuthi ikuxhumekile, futhi iklayenti liyeka ngaphambi kokuba liqede ukuxhumana. Uhlu aluzange luqambe amanga, ngokunembile. Lubike umphumela wokuhlolwa komunye umuntu, kusuka kwenye inethiwekhi, ngesikhathi sangaphambili, ngokumelene nesevisi umuntu wokuzithandela angayicisha noma nini. Ukuqonda lelo gebe kuguqula ukuzingela okukhathazayo kube ukulandelana okufushane kokuhlolwa ongakwenza kunoma yimuphi umgadli.

Yini uhlu oluyilinganisile ngempela

Uhla lwemibhalo olusesidlangalaleni lugcina izinkambu ezifana nesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokugcina, inani lesikhathi sokuya nokubuya elibonwe, inani lezikhathi zokusebenza futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlu lwemigomo. Ngayinye yazo ichaza ukubonwa kokugcina okuphumelelayo ngokombono waluqobo lwephrojekthi, hhayi isimo senodi lapho iphakethe lakho lifika.

Ukusha kungcono kunombolo. Inodi ehlolwe emizuzwini emine edlule nenodi ehlolwe emahoreni amane edlule kungase kubonise uphawu olulodwa oluluhlaza, futhi yinye kuphela yazo esafana nesimo esirekhodiwe. Funa uphawu lwesikhathi, hhayi umbala.

Ukusebenza kokuzithandela kunezela umthombo wesibili woshintsho okungekho mqaphi ongawulungisa. Umsebenzisi kungenzeka ukuthi uqalisa kabusha ikhompuyutha ephathwayo, aphelelwa umkhawulo wokusebenza, ashintshe umhlinzeki noma avele avale isivalo. Ukufakwa kuhlu kuwumgadli, futhi ukuyiphatha njengesivumelwano sezinga lesevisi kuyiphutha lesigaba.

Bheka izigaba zeklayenti, hhayi into ejikelezayo

Iklayenti ngalinye le-VPN lidlula ngokulandelana okubanzi okufanayo: xazulula igama, vula ukuxhumana kokuthutha, xoxa ngezokuphepha, qinisekisa, bese ucwangisa umhubhe futhi udlulise idatha. Ukwehluleka esigabeni ngasinye kushiya ubufakazi obuhlukile, futhi into ejikelezayo ayibonisi neyodwa yazo.

Qala ngokuxazululwa kwegama. Uma igama lomsingathi lingaxazululeki, akukho lutho oluhloliwe mayelana nokutholakala kwenodi, ngoba ukuxhumana akuzange kuphume emshinini wakho. Okulandelayo ukuthutha: ukushintshana kwe-TCP noma kwe-UDP okunqatshiwe noma okuphelelwe yisikhathi kukutshela ukuthi iphuzu lokugcina aliphenduli kulelo chweba, okuwukutholakala kwangempela ngenodi. Bese kuba ukuxoxisana nokuqinisekisa, lapho isitifiketi esingalungile, iphrofayili ephelelwe yisikhathi noma ukubethela okungahambisani kwehluleka khona kuyilapho inodi iphila ngokuphelele. Kuphela ngemva kokucwangiswa komhubhe lapho iphutha lokuhamba noma le-DNS lingachaza isinyathelo sokugcina.

Funda ilogi yeklayenti ngemininingwane ephezulu kakhulu esangana esikrinini, futhi ubhale umugqa wokugcina ophumelelayo. Lowo mugqa yilapho ukuxilongwa kuqala khona, futhi ngokuvamile unolwazi olungaphezulu kunanoma yini eboniswa uhlu.

Okuguquguqukayo okukodwa ngokuzama ngakunye

Qhathanisa abagadli neklayenti elilodwa, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela eyodwa kanye nefomethi yephrofayili eyodwa, ushintsha iphuzu lokugcina kuphela. Uma kungenjalo ukwehluleka kungase kube kwakho futhi uzokubeka icala enodini.

Ukuzama okubili kwanele ukusungula iphethini, futhi okwesithathu kuyakuqinisekisa. Uma inodi A yehluleka esigabeni sokuthutha futhi inodi B yehluleka ekuqinisekiseni, unezinkinga ezimbili ezingahlobene esikhundleni sohlu olulodwa olugugile.

Lapho inodi ngayinye yehluleka ngendlela efanayo

Ukwehluleka okujwayelekile esigabeni sokuqala kukhomba ohlangothini lwakho: isixazululi esingakwazi ukuphendula, udonga lomlilo lwendawo oluvimba umgomo, noma inethiwekhi evumela kuphela uhambo lwewebhu. Uhlu alukwazi ukubika lokho, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwalo akugijimi kusuka endaweni ohleli kuyo.

Hlola ngamabomu icala lenethiwekhi eyakhiwe. Ezinye izinethiwekhi zokufinyelela zivumela i-HTTPS iye kuwewebhu futhi zilahle eminye imigomo, okwenza umgadli ngamunye abonakale efile kuyilapho uhlu lunembile. Ukuqhathanisa ukulayishwa kwekhasi kusiphequluli nokuzama ukuxhumana okungahluziwe kuhlukanisa lezo zimo ezimbili esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu.

Funda ukwehluleka esigabeni lapho kwenzeka khona

Phinda ukuzama kusuka kutheminali ukuze izigaba zibonakale. Imiyalo emithathu engezansi ixazulula igama, ihlola ukuthi ichweba liyaphendula yini, futhi iphrinta imigqa yokuxoxisana kusuka kuphrofayili ye-OpenVPN:

dig +short node.example.net
curl -s --max-time 5 telnet://node.example.net:443
openvpn --config node.ovpn --verb 4 2>&1 | grep -iE "TLS|AUTH|PUSH"

Uma ichweba liphendula futhi umugqa wokuxoxisana ubika inkinga yesitifiketi, inodi iyaphila futhi iphrofayili yakho igugile. Uma ichweba lingaphenduli nhlobo, ukufakwa kuhlu kuwumgadli ohlulekile, futhi ukuya kwelinye elilandelayo iyimpendulo efanele esikhundleni sokulungisa iklayenti lakho. Bhala isigaba emugqeni omfushane, futhi ukuzama okulandelayo kuqala ngolwazi hhayi ngethemba.