Iphutha le-Python ku-OpenVPN 3: lungisa ithuluzi, hhayi i-Python yesistimu

I-Traceback ivela lapho kuqala umyalo wokuphatha i-VPN, futhi umgqigqo wokuqala ugijimela ekufakeni enye i-Python noma ekubhekeni okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu kwenye indawo. Lowo mgqigqo uhlanganisa ama-runtime amabili angenabo ubudlelwano. Elinye lingelayo isistimu yokusebenza kanye namathuluzi ayo apakishiwe; elinye lingelayo noma yiphi iphrojekthi oyakhayo. Ukushintsha elokuqala ukuze kwanelise elwesibili yiyo indlela i-desktop esebenzayo elahlekelwa ngumphathi wayo wamaphakethe.

Ukuqhathanisa okufanele kwenziwe kungokwesithako esihlulekile ngempela kanye ne-runtime onelungelo lokuyishintsha. Cishe azikaze zibe into eyodwa.

Imibuzo emibili ye-Python ebukeka njengomunye

Umbuzo wokuqala: yisiphi isihumushi esisebenzise uhlelo oluphrinta i-Traceback? Owesibili: iphrojekthi yami kufanele isebenzise isiphi isihumushi? Ku-terminal zibukeka zifana ngoba zombili ziphendulwa ngokuthayipha python3, futhi zinabanikazi abahlukene, izindlela zokuthuthukisa ezahlukene kanye nomthamo womthelela ohlukile.

Ithuluzi lesistimu liboshelwe kusihumushi esalethwa ukusatshalaliswa kwaso, kanye namamojula aqoqiwe akhelwe i-ABI yaleso sihumushi. Iphrojekthi iboshelwe kunoma yisiphi isimo sendawo osidalela yona. Ukuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu kushintsha okokuqala kuyo yonke ithuluzi kumshini ngesikhathi esisodwa; ukudala isimo sendawo kushintsha okwesibili kudayirekhthri eyodwa.

Kunye kuphela kulezo zenzo okungabuyiselwa emuva ngomzuzu owodwa. Akuyona eyokuqala.

Yisiphi isithako esikhiqize iphutha

Funda umugqa wokuqala we-Traceback kanye nefayela elisebenzayo eliyikhiqizile ngaphambi kokufunda enye into. I-frontend yomugqa womyalo, isevisi enelungelo elikhethekile kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-API kuyizingxenye ezihlukene, futhi kuzo kuyizingxenye ezimbalwa kuphela eziyi-Python.

command -v openvpn3
head -n 1 "$(command -v openvpn3)"
dpkg -S "$(command -v openvpn3)" 2>/dev/null
systemctl status openvpn3-service-client --no-pager

Umugqa wokuqala weskripthi usho isihumushi esizosisebenzisa, futhi i-Traceback yavela kuleso sihumushi. Umbuzo wephakethe ukutshela ukuthi ifayela lingubani, okunquma ukuthi ubani ovunyelwe ukulishintsha. Isimo sesevisi siphendula umbuzo ohluke ngokuphelele: ukuthi i-backend enelungelo elikhethekile evula izingqungquthela ngempela iyasebenza yini.

Iphutha lokungenisa imojula, ukwenqatshwa kokusebenza kwe-D-Bus kanye nobufakazi obunqatshiwe kuyizigaba ezintathu ezihlukene. Iphutha lokungenisa lenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kube khona noma iyiphi ingqungquthela, ngakho akukho nani lokuhlela i-VPN okuzolilungisa, futhi nesevisi esebenzayo ngeke ililungise. Ukufaka umlayezo kwesinye salezo zigaba ezintathu yisona sinyathelo sokuqala sangempela.

Isimo sendawo sephrojekthi singalungisa ini futhi singeke silungise ini

Isimo sendawo sephrojekthi sixazulula inkinga yephrojekthi: izinguqulo zelabhulali eziqondile edingwa uhlelo olulodwa, ezihlukanisiwe kukho konke okunye. Lokho kuyasiza ngempela, futhi yithuluzi elifanele lapho uhlelo oluhlulekayo luyiskripthi sakho.

uv run --python 3.11 app.py
python3 -c 'import openvpn3; print(openvpn3.__file__)'

Umyalo wesibili ukhombisa ukuthi ikuphi ikhophi lokuxhumeka elibonwa isihumushi esithile, futhi yiyo indlela esheshayo yokuhlukanisa iphakethe elingekho kuneliphuphuthekisiwe. Yisebenzise ngesihumushi esisetshenziswa iskripthi esihlulekayo, hhayi ngesinye esisebenza ngengozi.

Into isimo sendawo sephrojekthi esingakwazi ukuyenza ukulungisa i-frontend epakishwe ukusatshalaliswa. Ukuncika kwalolo hlelo kwakhelwe isihumushi esikhethwe umphathi wamaphakethe, futhi ukulusebenzisa ngaphakathi kwesimo sendawo sephrojekthi yakho kuyahluleka noma kukhiqiza ingxube engekho noyedwa oyisekelayo. Ukujova izindlela kulo ngokuguquguqukayo kwesimo sendawo kuyiphutha elifanayo elinezinyathelo ezengeziwe: ushintshile lokho ithuluzi elikulayishayo ngaphandle kokushintsha lokho elahlolwa ngakho. Lokho kushintshana kubukeka njengokulungisa kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ekungeniseni okulandelayo.

Kungani ukuguqula isihumushi sesistimu kuyisicu

Ukushintsha isihumushi okuzenzakalelayo kuyakhanga ngoba kubukeka kulungisa i-Traceback ngomyalo owodwa. Futhi kwephula umcabango wonke ithuluzi le-Python elipakishiwe kumsingathi elakhelwe kuwo, futhi ukuhluleka kuvela kamuva nasezindaweni ezingahlobene.

Izindlela zokukhetha okunye zakhelwa ukushintsha phakathi kwezinto ezilinganayo, hhayi ukufaka ulimi olusha ngaphansi kwamamojula amadala aqoqiwe. Izandiso eziqoqiwe zakhelwa i-ABI ethile, ngakho imojula eyayingeniswa izolo ingase yehluleke ukulayisha namuhla ngaphandle kokuthi kukhishwe neyodwa iphakethe.

Kunesicu segama futhi ezelulekweni abantu abazitholayo. Umyalo python ongenawo uhlobo awunayo incazelo eyodwa yomhlaba wonke phakathi kokusatshalaliswa nezimo zendawo, futhi ukuwuthatha njengegama elifanayo elingaguquki lohlobo oluthile olukhulu kukhiqiza izilungiso ezisebenza kuphela kumshini lapho zabhalelwa khona. Funda inqubomgomo yesistimu ephambi kwakho, hhayi leyo esekuthunjweni kwebhulogi.

Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela okuhlukene

Ekugcineni kufanele kube nokuhlolwa okubili, futhi ukuphumelela kokunye akusho lutho ngokunye. Okokuqala ukuthi umyalo weklayenti osekelwe usebenza ngesihumushi eyapakishwa ngaso. Okwesibili ukuthi isevisi enelungelo elikhethekile isungula ingqungquthela futhi i-tunnel ithwala ithrafikhi.

openvpn3 sessions-list
openvpn3-service-client --help 2>/dev/null | head -n 3
ip -4 addr show tun0

Ngesikhathi usebenza gcina indlela ezimele yokungena emshinini, ikakhulukazi uma i-VPN ithwala ukufinyelela kwakho okuwukuphela kokuphatha. Ukushintsha isihumushi sesistimu iyona nhlobo yokuhlela engasusa lokho kufinyelela phakathi nendawo.

Uma ukuhluleka kuyimojula engekho yethuluzi lesistimu, isilungiso umsebenzi wephakethe ngohlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe. Uma ukuhluleka kungukushayisana kwezinga esephrojekthini yakho, isilungiso isimo sendawo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokho kokubili yisona sinqumo sonke, futhi sinqunywa ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo oluphrinta i-Traceback.