Kungani ukukopisha ukuhleleka kweseva ye-OpenVPN egatsheni kuhluleka

Ukukopisha ukuhleleka kweseva okusebenzayo, ukushintsha amakheli ambalwa nokukubiza ngokuthi iphrofayela yegatsha ngokuvamile kukhiqiza ukuxhumana. Lowo umphumela omubi kakhulu, ngoba igatsha lisebenza ngendima engalungile, liveza izinto okwakungafanele zishiye isikhungo, futhi lishiya ukuhlobana komzila okungekho muntu okhumbulayo ukuthi wakwenza. Ukuxhumana kufihla izinkinga ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi umhubhe ukhuphuka ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani azihlole.

Ukuphatha igatsha njengozakwethu onobunikazi bakhe nendima yenethiwekhi kanye nokwenza iphrofayela ilunge. Isixazululo akusona ikhophi engcono, futhi ingxenye esele yaleli khasi ikhuluma ngalokho iklayenti okufanele ngempela ikugcine.

Izinhlaka ezimbili ezibukeka njengefayela elilodwa

Kumodi ye-TLS izinhlangothi ezimbili zinemisebenzi egcwalisekayo. Uhlangothi olulodwa luyalalela, luphethe isitifiketi nokhiye weseva futhi lunquma ukuthi yimaphi amaklayenti angaxhuma. Olunye uhlangothi luqala, luqinisekisa umlaleli futhi lwethula ubunikazi balo.

Ifayela leseva liqukethe iziqondiso ezingenangqondo kuklayenti: ikheli lokubopha kanye nechweba lokulalela, iqoqo lamakheli okusabalalisa futhi ngokuvamile uhlu lokusunduza lwezilungiselelo okufanele amaklayenti azithole. Ukukopisha lezo egatsheni kwakha idivayisi ezama ukuba umlaleli nek layenti ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukhiye oyimfihlo uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Iklayenti akumele neze liphathe ukhiye oyimfihlo weseva, futhi aliwudingi nokhiye wokusayina we-CA. Isitifiketi se-CA siyinto yokuthembela yomphakathi; ukhiye wokusayina ungowalapho izitifiketi zikhishwa khona.

Iphrofayela yegatsha kufanele ibe nakho

Iphrofayela yegatsha idinga indawo yokugcina ekude nokuthutha, ubunikazi besiva obuthembekile, isitifiketi nokhiye wegatsha ngokwalo, kanye nemizila nezilungiselelo ze-DNS igatsha elizidinga ngempela. Akukho okunye okuphoqelekile.

Gcina ubunikazi begatsha buhlukile esizeni ngasinye. Amagatsha amabili abelana ngesitifiketi esisodwa asho ukuthi ukuhoxiswa kwelilodwa kwenza elinye lingasebenzi, futhi amalogi esikhungo awakwazi ukwehlukanisa. Ubunikazi ngasizeni yibo obenza kokubili umkhondo wokucwaninga nendaba yokuhoxiswa kusebense.

Qaphela imigudu yokusebenza yedivayisi. Iphakethe le-Client Export le-pfSense likhiqiza amaphrofayela ezingqikithi ze-Remote Access ezifanele, futhi uhlu lwamaseva alo luqukethe kuphela amaseva ahlelelwe kumodi ye-Remote Access. Iseva yesiza-kuya-esizeni yomunye umodi ayibonakali, futhi lokho kungabikhona kuwulwazi, akusona isimemo sokukopisha izimfihlo zeseva.

Uma idivayisi ingakhiphi iphrofayela oyidingayo, sebenzisa umgudu wokusebenza weklayenti wesiza-kuya-esizeni obhalisiwe noma yakha iphrofayela kusibonelo esisekelwe soguqulo olufakiwe. Khiphela ikhophi yokugcina yeseva egatsheni kuphela uma uhlelo luwukubuyisela iseva, okungeyona leyo. Ikhophi futhi ithwala izinto eziyimfihlo zesikhungo, ngakho ukuyihambisa egatsheni isinqumo sokusingatha okhiye, hhayi ukudluliswa kwefayela. Yigcine esikhungweni futhi wakhe ubunikazi beklayenti lapho izitifiketi zikhishwa khona.

Ukuhlobana kozakwethu nenethiwekhi kwehlukile

Iklayenti legatsha elixhuma ngempumelelo namanje alikwazi ukudlulisa ithrafikhi ye-LAN yalo kuze kube yilapho isikhungo sazi ukuthi lozakwethu ungowalo mqalo. Lokho kuhlobana kuhlala esikhungweni, kuboshelwe ebunikazini beklayenti, futhi kwehlukile emzileni wegatsha uqobo oya emanethiwekhi akude. Ngaphandle kwakho, izingqalaba zegatsha zibonakala zifinyeleleka ezibalweni zomhubhe kodwa ezingekho okwenzekayo. Ilogi yesikhungo iyindawo lapho kuqinisekiswa khona ukuthi ukuhlobana kusetshenzisiwe yini.

Ukufaka umzila kusistimu yokusebenza yesikhungo akufani nokutshela i-OpenVPN ukuthi yiliphi iklayenti elingumnikazi womqalo. Ngaphandle kokuhlobana kweklayenti ngayinye, iphakethe lifinyelela isixhumanisi somhubhe futhi liyalahlwa ngoba akekho uzakwethu ofuna indawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Ohlangothini lwegatsha, isidingo esihambisanayo umzila oya emanethiwekhi okufanele lifinyelele, kanye nomhleli we-LAN okwaziyo ukubuyisela ithrafikhi egatsheni. Ubunikazi ohlangothini lweseva nemizila yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo ohlangothini lweklayenti kuyizinto ezihlukene, futhi umhubhe osebenzayo ufakazela kuphela ukugxuma kokuqala. Bhala kokubili emibhalweni yokudlulisela yegatsha, ngoba unjiniyela olandelayo uzothola okukodwa kuphela.

Ukufakazela ukuthi igatsha liwuzakwethu ocabanga ukuthi unguwo

Qinisekisa ubunikazi ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ithrafikhi. Ilogi yesikhungo kufanele ikhombise igama elijwayelekile lesitifiketi segatsha, futhi ikheli elitholwe yiklayenti kufanele lihambisane neqoqo noma ukwabiwa okugxilile obukuhlosile. Uma ilogi ikhombisa elinye igama, iphrofayela ithwala ubunikazi bomunye umuntu.

Bese uqinisekisa ukuhlobana ngokuthumela isicelo esisodwa sisuka kungqalaba yegatsha siya kusisetshenziswa ohlangothini lwesikhungo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi siyaphumelela ngekheli lomthombo elilindelekile. Hlola indawo ekuyiwa kuyo igatsha okungafanele lifinyelele kuyo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iyahluleka, ngoba umzila ovumelayo osebenza ngengozi awufani nomgomo olungile.

Ekugcineni, hoxisa ubunikazi begatsha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyahluleka ngesikhathi isitifiketi sesikhungo uqobo nezinye iziza zisaqhubeka zisebenza. Uma ukuhoxiswa kwephula isikhungo, izinhlaka nobunikazi kwabelwane ngakho endaweni ethile, futhi lokho okutholakele kufanele kubuyiselwe emklamo.

Igatsha eliqediwe yilelo elinobunikazi obubhaliwe, iphrofayela yeklayenti kuphela, ukuhlobana kozakwethu nenethiwekhi esikhungweni, kanye nomzila wokubuya ohloliwe. Ukuhlanekezela umbhalo efayeleni leseva akukunikezi noma ngukuphi kwalokho.