I-NFS ngemuva kwe-VPN: ukukhwezwa ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukukhwezwa okuzenzakalelayo lapho kuceliwe?

Izilungiselelo ezimbili zixazulula inkinga eyodwa futhi zihluleka ezinhlangothini eziphambene. Ukukhweza isabelo ngesikhathi sokuqala kunikeza isevisi ngayinye uhlelo lwamafayela olukhona noma oluchaza ukuthi kungani ukuqala kume. Ukukhweza okuzenzakalelayo lapho kuceliwe kunikeza umshini ukuqala okusheshayo futhi kudlulisela ukulinda kulowo othinta indlela kuqala. Ngemuva kwe-VPN eyesibili ivamise ukuba ukushintshana okungcono, futhi isizathu siwukuthi umhubhe ubeka ukuhleleka ukuqala okungenakukubona.

Ukukhwezwa ngesikhathi sokuqala nokukhwezwa okuzenzakalelayo

Ukukhwezwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kulula ukukucabanga. Umgomo wohlelo lwamafayela ulinda ukukhwezwa, amasevisi amemezela ukuncika kuwo aqala ngemuva kwalokho, futhi uma iseva ingafinyeleleki umshini uyalinda noma uyahluleka kuye ngokukhethiwe. Konke okuphansi kuzuza leso sinqumo esisodwa.

Ukukhwezwa okuzenzakalelayo kuphendula lokho. Indlela ikhona ngokushesha, ukukhwezwa kwangempela kwenzeka lapho into ethile iyivula, futhi amasevisi aqala ngokushesha awavinjwa kumhubhe ongakakhuphuki.

Ukuqhathanisa kufinyelela ekutheni ngubani okufanele amukele ukubambezeleka. Isiteshi somsebenzi esidinga isabelo ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi akwazi ukusebenza kufanele silinde. Ikhompyutha ephathwayo eqala esikhwameni, noma iseva okungesona isabelo sayo, akufanele ilinde.

Akukho kukhethiwe okulungisa indlela elahlekile. Kokubili kumane kunquma ukuthi ukwehluleka kuzobonwa nini.

Umugqa we-fstab, ukukhetha ngakunye

Ake sithi isibonelo sekhayenti ye-OpenVPN esikhona ngu-[email protected], iseva ngu-files.corp.example futhi iphuzu lokukhweza lingu-/mnt/work. Shintsha zontathu ngezinani ezigunyaziwe ezivela kusayithi yakho. Umugqa owodwa osebenzayo ubukeka kanje:

files.corp.example:/export/work /mnt/work nfs _netdev,nofail,x-systemd.automount,[email protected],x-systemd.mount-timeout=30s 0 0

_netdev ukhombisa ukukhwezwa njengokudinga inethiwekhi, futhi awusho noma yimuphi umhubhe. nofail ugcina isabelo siyisinqumo somgomo ojwayelekile wohlelo lwamafayela. x-systemd.automount udala isicupho sokucela esikhundleni sokukhweza ngokushesha.

x-systemd.requires= ingxenye ehlanganisa umzamo wokukhweza nephuzu le-VPN, futhi ingeyomsebenzi wokukhweza, hhayi eyesicupho. Ukubeka ukuhleleka okubanzi kuphuzu lokukhweza okuzenzakalelayo ngokwalo kuyindlela abantu abadala ngayo imijikelezo i-systemd ekhononda ngayo kamuva ngolimi okungekho oyifunda kabili.

x-systemd.mount-timeout=30s ikhawulela umyalo wokuqala wokukhweza. Ayikho into eyenzekayo ngemuva kwalokho eyikhawulelayo, futhi lokhu ukungaqondi okuvamile mayelana nalokhu kukhethiwe.

«Kuqalile» akusho ukuthi

Hlola ukuthi ukusebenza kusho ukuthini ephuzwini le-VPN olishilo. Isevisi yomhubhe ingazibika njengokuqalile ngaphambi kokuba indlela eya kuseva yamafayela ibe khona noma ngaphambi kokuba igama langasese lixazululwe, futhi ukuhleleka ngemuva kwayo akukusizi lutho. Cishe wonke umzamo ohlulekile uhlala kulesi sikhala. Futhi awubonakali ngaphandle uma ubheka indlela nesixazululi esikhundleni sesimo sephuzu.

Sebenzisa isignali yokulungela yomnikazi woxhumano uqobo njengesibopho esengeziwe lapho ikhona. Ukulala okugxilile kuwukuqagela okusebenza etafuleni lakho futhi kwehluleka kunethiwekhi enensayo noma ngemuva kokuxhuma kabusha.

Hlola amaphuzu akhiwe endleleni yesibonelo: mnt-work.automount na-mnt-work.mount. Ngemuva koshintsho lwe-fstab olubuyekeziwe, layisha kabusha i-systemd futhi uphathe lawo maphuzu ngqo esikhundleni sokuqalisa umyalo wokukhweza obanzi oqeqesha okufakiwe okungahlobene.

Kukhona esinye isexwayiso esifanele lapha. Isevisi ethinta /mnt/work ekuqaleni isabangela ukukhweza futhi isakulinda, ngakho ukumaka isabelo njengesinqumo akwenzi uhlelo ngalunye lube nesineke.

Ngemuva kokukhweza ukwehluleka kuhlukile

Lapho i-NFS isikhweziwe, ukuziphatha kokuphinda nokubuyisela kohlelo lwamafayela kunquma ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwakamuva kwenzani ekufundeni noma ekubhaleni. Isikhathi sokukhweza osibekile asinawo umthelela kulokho.

Ukukhweza okuthambile kufinyeza okunye ukulinda futhi kushintsha incazelo yamaphutha, nemiphumela yobuqotho bedatha okulula ukuyishaya indiva lapho umgomo kuwukuqala okusheshayo. Ukukukhetha ukuze uzuze imizuzwana emibili yokuqala akuvamile ukuba ukushintshana okuhle. Uma imfuneko iwumsebenzi onomkhawulo ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka, leso yisinqumo sezinga lohlelo, hhayi ifulegi le-fstab.

Nquma ukuthi kufanele kwenzekeni kunqubo esemkhatsini wokubhala lapho umhubhe uwa, futhi kubhale phansi. Leyo mpendulo iwusizo kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uchungechunge lokukhetha.

Hlola izimo ezine, hhayi esisodwa

Ukuqala okuvamile lapho umhubhe utholakala yisimo esilula futhi akufakazi cishe lutho. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi uchungechunge lubhalwe kahle futhi akukho okunye. Hlola ukufinyelela kokuqala ngaphandle kwe-VPN, bese ukubuyisela lapho inyuka, bese ukuphazamiseka okulawulwayo ngemuva kokukhweza okuphumelelayo.

Izimo ezine, ukubona okune, futhi amanothi ahamba eceleni kokufakiwe kwe-fstab. Umuntu olandelayo uzuzu umkhuba esikhundleni sokulungiselelwa okufanele akuhumushe kabusha.