I-inthanethi isebenza kuphela nge-app ye-VPN? Hlola izigaba ezine

Uzama i-VPN yamahhala noma isengezo sesiphequluli isonto, uyicisha, bese i-inthanethi ima. Isithonjana se-Wi-Fi sisakhombisa uxhumano, amanye amadivayisi akuleyo router ahamba kahle, futhi okuwukuphela kwento ebuyisela ukuphequlula ukuvula i-app futhi noma ukuyikhipha. Lowo mkhuba awukona ukubethela okudale ukuncika. Kuwukucushwa i-app ekubhale endaweni umhubhe ongenalo igunya.

Iklayenti ishintsha izilungiselelo umhubhe ongenazo

Iklayenti lobumfihlo ku-Windows noma macOS ngokuvamile lithinta izindawo ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye. Libeka i-proxy ye-HTTP yesistimu, okuyiyona nkambu i-Internet Options eyivezayo. Lifaka i-adaptha ebonakalayo, ngokuvamile umshayeli we-TAP, ukuze libambe amaphakethe. Futhi libhala kabusha uhlu lwezisombululo, kanti lapho ucindezela ukunqamuka kushabalala kuphela umhubhe.

Isengezo sesiphequluli siyinto encane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile sishintsha iphrofayela yaso noma i-proxy esiphequluli esisodwa esilandelayo. Yingakho isiphequluli esisodwa singehluleka kanti amathuluzi omgqa womyalo asaqhubeka nokusebenza, noma okuphambene: isengezo sasingakaze sibe negunya lokuthinta ezinye izigaba. Ukuthi yisiphi isigaba esisishintshile yikho okunquma ukuthi imaphi amathuluzi azokwehluleka.

Kungakhathaliseki, isinqumo esidala senziwa isofthiwe eyayingenasizathu sokusihoxisa. Umhubhe wawuyingxenye ebonakalayo, futhi wawuyiyona ngxenye eyodwa enendlela yokuvala ehlanzekile. Konke okunye kuyisilungiselelo esigcinwe endaweni ehlala isikhathi eside kunenqubo, ngakho-ke ukukhipha i-app kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esibuyisela kuzo zontathu ngasikhathi sinye. Ukufunda lezo zindawo ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini okunye yikho okuguqula uphawu lube ukuxilongwa.

Izinsalela ezintathu, ukwehluleka okuthathu okuhlukene

Isinsalela sokuqala i-proxy ekhomba endaweni engekho: ibhokisi le-proxy ye-LAN lisamakwe, noma i-URL yeskripthi sokucushwa ikhomba embotsheni ye-localhost lapho kungekho nqubo esalalelayo. Isiphequluli sidlulisela yonke isicelo kuleyo mbobo efile, bese sima kuze kube isikhathi sokulinda sibonakala njengenethiwekhi efile. Okwesibili i-adaptha esanomzila ozenzakalelayo, ngoba idivayisi ye-TAP-Windows noma umshayeli womzila womhlinzeki usahlala uyisixhumi sangempela ngemva kokukhipha. Igcina umzila eyawunikwa, futhi ithrafikhi inyamalala emhubheni ongekho. Asikho isinsalela esizimemezelayo; zombili zibonakala zifana nokuphazamiseka.

Okwesithathu i-DNS, futhi yehluleka ngaphambi kwezinye ezimbili. Uma uhlu lwezisombululo luqukethe kuphela amaseva afinyeleleka ngomhubhe, yonke imibuzo iphelelwa isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ikhasi linye licelwe, ngakho isiphequluli sibika isayithi engafinyeleleki hhayi i-proxy efile. Noma yikuphi onakho, akukho kukho okuwukuphazamiseka ngomqondo wenethiwekhi. Ngakunye kuyisinsalela okungekho muntu okusihoxile, futhi ngakunye kulungiswa endaweni ehlukile.

Yehla ngezigaba ezine

Qala eduze kakhulu ne-app bese wehla, ngoba izigaba zehluleka ngalelo hlelo lokubonakala. Shintsha isigaba esisodwa ngokuhlolwa ngakunye, bese uphinda uhlole ngemva kwesinye ngasinye. Ukusetha kabusha konke ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvamile kubuyisela ukuphequlula, futhi kukushiya ungakwazi ukusho ukuthi yisiphi isinsalela esibangele, ngakho ukufaka okulandelayo kuzophinda kwakhe leyo nkinga efanayo. Ukulandelana kukho: i-proxy, amadaptha, imizila, izisombululo.

Ku-Windows ukuhlolwa ngakunye kuwumyalo owodwa ohamba nesistimu yokusebenza, ngakho akukho okudinga ukufakwa. Yisebenzise ngokulandelana futhi ugcine okuphumayo ndawonye, ngoba izimpendulo ezine zinencazelo kuphela uma ziseduze. Zibika i-proxy, amadaptha, imizila ye-IPv4 kanye nohlu lwezisombululo, ngalolo hlelo:

netsh winhttp show proxy
Get-NetAdapter
route print -4
Get-DnsClientServerAddress

I-Linux ne-macOS zidinga imiyalo yazo, futhi azikwazi ukushintshana. Ku-Linux imizila ivela ku-ip route futhi isisombululo sivela ku-resolvectl status lapho i-systemd-resolved iyiphethe khona, kusetshenziswa i-cat /etc/resolv.conf njengezansi. Ku-macOS imizila ivela ku-netstat -rn, izisombululo zivela ku-scutil --dns, futhi i-proxy yesistimu ivela ku-scutil --proxy. Umfundi we-macOS osebenzisa i-ip route uthola i-command not found, futhi i-/etc/resolv.conf yakhona iyisigxobo esikhiqiziwe, hhayi ukucushwa okugunyaziwe. Hlola ipulatifomu ngaphambi kokuhlola isigaba, kungenjalo umyalo wokuqala uba ukutholakala.

Esigabeni ngasinye buza umbuzo owodwa: ingabe leli nani lisakhomba entweni ekhona ngenkathi i-app ivaliwe? I-proxy embotsheni efile, i-adaptha engenawo umhubhe, umzila ozenzakalelayo odlula kwisixhumi esiphansi kanye nesisombululo ngaphakathi komhubhe — konke kuphendula ngokuthi cha. Ukuthi cha okukodwa kwanele ukuchaza uphawu, yingakho ukushintsha into eyodwa ngokuhlolwa ngakunye kubalulekile.

I-proxy akuwona umhubhe

I-proxy yamukela isicelo, iyilande kwenye indawo bese ibuyisela impendulo, okusho ukuthi iyazi indawo ekuyiwa kuyo futhi ibona noma yini isayithi engayibethelanga yona. Ayithwali ezinye izimiso. Ayivikeli indlela ngaphandle uma indawo ekuyiwa kuyo isivele isebenzisa i-TLS. Futhi ingashintshwa yinoma yini eyayifakile, ngaphandle kokubamba kwakho iqhaza.

Lowo mehluko ushintsha umbuzo ofanele ubuze. Uma i-proxy isala ngemuva, thola ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olusaqondisa isiphequluli sakho, hhayi ukuthi umhubhe ukhona yini. Umhubhe ungase ube nempilo ephelele futhi ungabi nandaba nakancane nokwehluleka.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iklayenti elinjalo lenzeni ngempela, libuke esikhundleni sokufunda idashibhodi yalo. I-Process Monitor iqopha ukuthi yikuphi okhiye berejista namafayela elikuthintayo, kanti ukubanjwa kwamaphakethe kuveza ukuthi ithrafikhi yalo yaya kuphi. Zombili zingamathuluzi ajwayelekile, futhi zombili ziphendula umbuzo wesinsalela kangcono kunanoma yisiphi isibani sesimo. Akukho kuzo okudinga ukuthi i-app isasebenza.

Khipha ingxenye, hhayi ubufakazi

Ukulungisa okuhlala njalo ukukhipha into eyabhala isilungiselelo. Khipha i-app, susa i-adaptha ebonakalayo eyayiyifakile, sula i-proxy kanye nohlu lwezisombululo, bese uqala kabusha futhi uhlole ngokuthi i-app ayikafakwa. Uma ukuphequlula kusebenza ngaleso sikhathi, uthole imbangela hhayi indlela yokuzungeza. Bhala phansi ukuthi yisiphi isigaba esasingesidala, ngoba umhlinzeki ofanayo uvame ukuletha iphutha elifanayo kabili.

Uma uphawu lubuya ngemva kokufaka iklayenti elilandelayo, yehla ngezigaba ezine futhi ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi insiza yephule okuthile. Ubufakazi ngokuvamile busekhona, kwenye yezindawo ezine. I-app yesibili ayidali isigaba sesihlanu; ishintsha esisodwa kwezine.

Ukufaka kabusha kusetha kabusha i-proxy kodwa hhayi i-adaptha endala, futhi kungase kushiye izisombululo ezimbili ohlwini. Yikho lokho kungalingani okwenza ukukhipha-bese-uhlola kube ngcono kunenkinobho yokusetha kabusha konke. Kukunikeza futhi isisekelo sokuqhathanisa ngokuzayo lapho uxhumano luphuka.