Indlela yokubuyisa ngokuphephile ukuhlelwa kweseva ye-VPN

Ukubuyisa iseva yisinqumo sokuthi iyiphi ingqimba ehlulekile, hhayi umkhuba wokukopisha amafayela. Ukuhlelwa, ubufakazi nokuhlela kwamaphakethe kuhamba ngamawashi ahlukene, futhi ukubuyisela okukodwa ngenkathi ezinye zihlala zisesikhathini kukhiqiza isibungu esibonakala siphilile futhi esiziphatha ngendlela engavumelani. Ukulandelana okungezansi kucabanga ukuthi ushintsho selwenzekile kabi futhi lucela ukuthi ubuyisele isimo esihambisana kancane. Kuyidlule ngezinga, futhi thatha ukuhlolwa kokufinyelela okungaphandle kwebhendi njengesinyathelo okumele kungadlulwa muntu.

Thatha iphuzu lokuhlola ongalibuyisela ngempela

Bhala ukuhlelwa okufundwa yisevisi ekuqaleni, kanye nenguqulo eyayihlaziya ekugcineni. Ifayela elalilayishwa ngokuhlanzekile kunguqulo endala lingase lenqatshwe noma lishaywe indiva buthule ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, ngakho inguqulo iyingxenye yenothi elifanayo. Faka izinto okubhekisa kuzo ukuhlelwa: izikhiye zangasese, izindlela zesitifiketi, izincazelo zabalaleli kanye nokufakwa kwe-DNS nokhamba lomlilo okwenza isevisi ifinyeleleke. Uma ukubuyisela kungadinga ifayela ongaligcinanga, iphuzu lokuhlola aliphelele.

Shono umnikazi wesilungiselelo ngasinye ngenkathi uhlelo lusaphilile. Indlela efakwe yiphaneli yomhlinzeki, eyengezwe ngukhamba lomlilo lwensiza kanye nethunyelwa kumakhasimende kuyizinto ezintathu ezihlukene, futhi ukubuyisela okungalungile kushiya ezinye ezimbili endaweni yazo. Ithebula elifushane lesilungiselelo, umnikazi kanye nendlela yefayela lanele.

Gcina ukuhoxiswa kuhlukile kokuhlelwa

Ukuhlelwa okudala kungase kuxhume buthule idivayisi oyisusile ngamabomu, lokhu okuguqula ukubuyisela kube ukuhlehla kwezokuphepha. Gcina uhlu lokuhoxiswa lwamanje kanye nama-akhawunti anikisiwe ngenkathi ubuyisela inqubomgomo yenethiwekhi, bese uzisebenzisa futhi ngaphambi kokuba isevisi yamukele amakhasimende.

Thatha isimo sobunikazi njengokubuyisela kwakho okunobufakazi bakho. Amafayela okuhoxiswa kwesitifiketi, ukunqanyulwa kwama-akhawunti kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-MFA akuvamisile ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa nokuhlelwa kwe-daemon, futhi ukubuyisela ukuhlelwa ngeke kukuthinte. Hlola isimo samanje kuqala ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele isinde. Ngemva kokubuyisela, qinisekisa ukuthi ubunikazi obususiwe abukwazi ukuxhuma.

Finyelela isibungu lapho umhubhe wehluleka

Vula indlela eya emshinini engancikile engxenyeni eshintshwayo. Ikhonsoli ye-hypervisor, ikheli lokuphatha kusixhumanisi esihlukile noma ikhonsoli yochungechunge konke kuyafaneleka; isikhathi se-SSH esithwalwa ngomhubhe asifaneleki. Uma indlela eyodwa yokungena iyi-VPN ozoqala kabusha, indlela engalungile noma umthetho wokhamba lomlilo kukususa amandla okuyilungisa. Hlola indlela ehlukile ngaphambi koshintsho, hhayi ngemva. Ngena ngayo kanye, qinisekisa ukuthi i-sudo iyasebenza futhi bhala ikheli eliqondile olenze ngalo.

Ukuhlolwa kulula: yehlisa umhubhe ngenkathi uxhunywe ngendlela ehlukile futhi ubheke ukuthi isikhathi siyasinda yini. Uma siwa, uthole iphutha ngaphambi kokuba kukushiye ubambekile.

Faka ukubuyekezwa okukodwa futhi wazi ukuthi kuqala nini ukusebenza

Sebenzisa imibhalo yesevisi ye-reload noma restart futhi uthole ukuthi imiyalelo iphi efundwa nini. Amanye amanani asebenza ku-reload, amanye kuphela lapho kuqala isikhathi noma inqubo entsha, ngakho ukuhlela ifayela akufakazi lutho mayelana nesimo esisebenzayo. Buyisela ukubuyekezwa okukodwa esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa ifayela elisha nesimo sokugijima esidala. Uma unginika ukungabaza, ukuqala kabusha kwezevisi ngokugcwele kulula ukuqonda kunokulayisha kabusha okwengxenye.

Hlola incazelo yeyunithi ngaphambi kokukhetha: systemctl show -p ExecReload openvpn@server ikutshela ukuthi ingabe ikhona nhlobo ihuku ye-reload. Bese usebenzisa ukubuyekezwa futhi ufunde kujenali amaphutha amasha okuqala ngaphambi kokushintsha enye into.

Qinisekisa, bhala futhi uphenye ngemva kwalokho

Xhuma iklayente eyodwa egunyaziwe futhi uziqeqeshe kokuthi isevisi yenzelwe ini: ukuxazululwa kwamagama, ukuxhuma kabusha kanye nohlelo olwehlulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubunikazi obuhoxisiwe busanqatshwa. Bhala ukubuyekezwa okubuyiselwe, isikhathi kanye nesizathu, ngoba umsebenzi olandelayo uzodinga kukho kathathu. Ukubuyisela okungabhaliwe muntu kuba imfihlakalo lapho isevisi iziphatha kabi.

systemctl status openvpn@server --no-pager
journalctl -u openvpn@server -n 50 --no-pager

Lapho isevisi isizinze, phinda ushintsho olwehlulekile kusibungu noma kusithombe ongasilahla. Lokho kuhlukanisa ukuhlelwa okubi nephakethe elibi noma isitifiketi esiphelelwe yisikhathi. Gcina ukuhlelwa okubuyiselwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwenguqulo ukuze iphuzu lokuhlola elilandelayo liqale kusikhathi esaziwayo. Inhloso yalo mkhuba iwukuphela okubhaliwe, hhayi ukwehliswa kwenqubo unomphela.