Ifayela le-hosts ngokumelene nesihlungi sase-router: ukuvimba isayithi nge-VPN

Umugqa oku-file ye-hosts kanye nesihlungi sase-router kuvimbela isayithi elifanayo ngezizathu ezihluke ngokuphelele, yingakho okukodwa kuqhubeka kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-VPN kuyilapho okunye kuma buthule. Ifayela le-hosts liphendula igama ngaphambi kokuba noma yiliphi iphakethe lishiye umshini. Isihlungi sase-router sihlola ithrafikhi edlula kuso. Beka umhubhe phakathi kwalawa maphuzu amabili bese okwesibili kulahlekelwa umbono wakho, kuyilapho okokuqala kungaboni lutho.

Lapho igama lixazululwa khona kunquma konke

Konke ukuvinjwa kuqala ngombuzo: ubani oguqula igama libe ikheli? Kudeskithophu evamile impendulo inikezwa isixazululi sohlelo, esilanda ukulandelana kwaso okuhleliwe futhi ngokuvamile sifunda ifayela le-hosts ngaphambi kokubuza i-DNS. Kunethiwekhi ehlungiwe impendulo inganikezwa i-router, eyona ibona umbuzo kuphela uma iklayenti iwuthumela ngayo ngaphandle kwesivikelo. Shintsha indlela futhi ushintsha ukuthi ubani ogunyaziwe ukuphendula.

I-VPN yenza izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye lapha: ihambisa umzila ozenzakalelayo, futhi ingase icindezele iseva yayo ye-DNS. Noma yiluphi lwalolu shintsho lwanele ukususa ukuxazululwa kwamagama kudivayisi eyayiphoqelela ukuvinjwa.

Yileyo ndlela engemuva kwesikhalo esijwayelekile sokuthi isihlungi siyasebenza kuze kuxhumane i-VPN.

Umugqa we-hosts uphendula ngaphambi kokuba umhubhe ube khona

Umugqa ofana no-127.0.0.1 www.example.com ufundwa isixazululi sasendaweni, ngakho impendulo ikhiqizwa emshinini ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uxhumano lwenethiwekhi. Xhuma umhubhe, shintsha iseva ye-DNS, shintsha amanethiwekhi: umugqa usabuyisela i-loopback. Yingakho ukuvinjwa kwe-hosts kuwukuphela kokubili okungathinteki ukuthi i-VPN iphela kuphi.

Izindawo zaso ezingaboni kahle zisendaweni efanayo. Uhlelo oluphethe isixazululi saso, olukhuluma i-DNS over HTTPS noma oluxhuma ekhelini elingokoqobo alunze lubuze uhlelo, ngakho umugqa awucatshangelwa. Ikheli eligcinwe kukhashi ngaphakathi kwenqubo esebenzayo linomphumela ofanayo kuze kuqale kabusha leyo nqubo.

Qinisekisa impendulo nge-getent ahosts ku-Linux noma nge-Resolve-DnsName ku-Windows esikhundleni sokuthemba ithebhu yesiphequluli.

Isihlungi sase-router sibona kuphela okudlula kuso

Isihlungi sokuqukethwe noma se-URL ku-router yasekhaya sihlangabezana namagama nezicelo ezidlula kuso ngendlela efundekayo. Lapho iklayenti lakha umhubhe obethelwe oya kuseva kwenye indawo, i-router ibona umfudlana owodwa oya kuleyo seva futhi akukho lutho ngaphakathi. Isihlungi asinalo igama lokuhlngabezana nalo, ngakho sivumela ithrafikhi, futhi lokho kubonakala sengathi isihlungi sehlulekile, hhayi sengathi sidlulisiwe.

I-topology esebenzayo ingenye: i-router ngokwayo ibamba umhubhe, ixazulula ukubethelwa ekugcineni futhi isebenzise isihlungi lapho. Kulo mklamo isihlungi sihlala lapho kuvela khona umbhalo ocacile.

Uma umhubhe uphela kukhompyutha ephathwayo, i-router ngokwencazelo ingaphandle kwendlela evikelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthetho ubhalwe kanjani.

Izindawo ezine zokuphoqelela nokuthi ngayinye ilahlekelwa yini

Izindawo ezine zingaphoqelela ukuvinjwa, futhi ngayinye yehluleka ngendlela ehlukile. Funda uhlu njengemephu yokukhava, hhayi njengokuhlelwa ngezigaba.

• Ifayela le-hosts noma isixazululi sasendaweni: sisebenza ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi nangaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umhubhe, kodwa sidlulwa isixazululi esifakiwe noma ikheli elibhalwe ngqo.
• Ukuhlunga kwe-DNS esangweni le-VPN: kukhava amaklayenti asebenzisa isixazululi esicindezelwe, futhi kwehluleka amaklayenti edlula i-DNS.
• Imithetho yokuphuma esangweni ngokwekheli noma i-SNI: izimele ku-DNS yeklayenti, kodwa iyimpumputhe emagameni engakwazi ukuwafunda nasemakhelini engakafundi.
• Inqubomgomo yesiphequluli noma yedivayisi elawulwayo: inamandla kuhadiwe elawulwayo, ayikho kumadivayisi omuntu siqu.

Akukho kulokhu okuyisikhawu sokuphepha ngokumelene nomsebenzisi ozimisele kudivayisi engalawulwa. Lezi zilawuli zenqubomgomo, futhi incazelo eqotho isho ukuthi yikuphi ukuthwala okukhava ngayinye ngempela.

Khetha ungqimba oluhambisana nenhloso: ukunethezeka kwasekhaya kungokwedivayisi, futhi umthetho wenhlangano ungokwesango.

Hlola zombili izimo ngaphambi kokusho ukuthi kuphelile

Gijima imiyalo emithathu efanayo lapho i-VPN ixhunyiwe futhi inqanyuliwe: i-getent ahosts ukubona impendulo yesixazululi, i-nslookup ukubona ukuthi umbuzo ubuyisela ini, ne-curl -I mayelana nesayithi ukubona ukuthi uxhumano lusaqedwa yini. Uma eyokuqala ibuyisela i-loopback kuyilapho eyesithathu ixhuma ekhelini langempela, kukhona okwedlula isixazululi futhi umugqa we-hosts awusona isilawuli ocabanga ukuthi unjalo.

Ku-router, funda izibali zesihlungi ngaphambi kwesicelo nangemuva kwaso. Isibali esinganyakazi neze sisho ukuthi ithrafikhi ayizange ifinyelele esihlungini, futhi lokho kuyimpendulo yomzila, hhayi yomthetho.

Bhala umphumela kanye ne-topology, ngoba ushintsho olulandelayo lwe-VPN luzophinde luhambise indlela.