Khipha ihost eyodwa kumzila ozenzakalelayo we-Windows VPN

I-laptop ixhuma ku-VPN yasehhovisi futhi konke kuyayilandela, kuhlanganise nekhasi lewebhu lephrinta kanye ne-intranet eyodwa ephendula kuphela kunethiwekhi yasendaweni. Umzila owenziwe ngesandla ulungisa lokho ihora elilodwa, bese uxhumano luphela, lubuye, futhi okukhishiwe akusekho. I-tunnel ayinalutho olungahambi kahle: i-Windows igcina ithebula elilodwa lokuhamba kwezinto, futhi i-adaptha ye-VPN ibhala kabusha ingxenye yayo kulelo thebula ngakho konke ukuxhumana. Okusala yikho konke okungaphandle kokufakwa kwe-adaptha uqobo.

Yikuphi ukufakwa okuthathwa yi-tunnel

Rekhoda ithebula kabili, kanye lapho i-tunnel iphansi nokunye lapho iphezulu, bese uqhathanisa imigqa ezenzakalelayo. Lapho iphrofayela ifuna isiqalo esizenzakalelayo, ukufakwa kwe-adaptha kuba umugqa obanzi kunayo yonke kulelo thebula, ngakho noma yikuphi okukhishiwe kumele kube mncane kunalokho. Lokhu kuyizibalo mayelana nobude besiqalo, hhayi isitatimende ngokwethembana noma inqubomgomo. Kukhomba futhi ukuthi yikuphi i-interface okukhishiwe okumele kuyikhombe.

Bhala phansi inkomba ye-interface kanye nesango lendawo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, ngoba kokubili kuyashintsha lapho umshini ujoyina enye inethiwekhi. Imiyalo engezansi ikufunda kumshini hhayi enkumbulweni.

route print -4
Find-NetRoute -RemoteIPAddress 198.51.100.30

Umyalo wesibili ubika i-interface kanye nesinyathelo esilandelayo ikheli eliyosethensisa khona manje, okungcono kunokufunda imigqa engamashumi amane bese uqagela. Yisebenzise ngaphambi nangemva kokuxhuma futhi unebhangqo elifanele ukufakwa kurekhodi loshintsho. Kokubili okuphumayo kunikeza izinombolo ezisetshenziswa engxenyeni esele yaleli khasi.

Umzila wehost uyawina ngokucacisa

Ukufanisa kwesiqalo eside kakhulu kunquma owinile, ngakho /32 ngokusebenzisa isango lomzimba kunqoba okuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa i-tunnel ngaphandle kokuthinta i-tunnel. Ithrafikhi eya kulelo kheli iphuma ku-interface yendawo kuyilapho konke okunye kugcina indlela ekhona. I-tunnel isagcina okuzakalelayo futhi imane iyeke ukuba ukuphela kokukhethwa kuleyo ndawo. Ubude besiqalo yisona sici esisodwa ithebula elivezayo, futhi kulo msebenzi sanele.

Ukucacisa kuphinde kususe indlela emfushane esobala yokukhipha igama lesizinda, ngoba ithebula lifanisa amakheli futhi igama elilodwa lingaxazululeka emakhelini amaningi. Xazulula ihost kuqala, bese unquma ukuthi yiliphi ikheli layo elifanele ukukhishwa.

Kukho konke okungezansi, cabanga uxhumano olubizwa ngokuthi Office, isango lendawo elingu-10.0.0.1 ku-interface 7, kanye nendawo yokufika ku-198.51.100.30. Lezi ziyizikhala hhayi okuzakalelayo, futhi imiyalo engenhla inikeza amanani umshini wakho awasebenzisa ngempela. Gcina le nothi yokushintsha kanye noshintsho ukuze umfundi olandelayo anganikopishi izinombolo.

Yenza umzila udlulele ekuxhumaneni okulandelayo

I-Windows ayinikezi umyalo wokukhipha kuxhumano lwe-VPN, ngakho okukhishiwe kumele kube ku-interface yomzimba lapho i-adaptha ingeke ikubhale kabusha khona. I-cmdlet ebonakala iyimpendulo yenza okuphambene: Add-VpnConnectionRoute ihambisa isiqalo singene ku-tunnel, okuyikho isimo sesibuko lapho iphrofayela ehlukanisiwe kumele ithwale indawo eyodwa futhi ishiye okunye kusendaweni. Ukufinyelela kuyo lapha kuqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi obufuna ukuyigcina ngaphandle iyangena.

Ifomu lesandla liwumyalo owodwa. Ubuthakathaka balo ukushintsha kwenethiwekhi hhayi ukuxhumana kabusha.

route -p add 198.51.100.30 mask 255.255.255.255 10.0.0.1 metric 1 if 7

Lokho kudlula ekubuyiselweni ngenxa ye--p futhi kuthumela ikheli elilodwa ngaphandle kwe-interface 7 kuyilapho i-tunnel ithwala konke okunye. Hambisa i-laptop kwenye inethiwekhi futhi kudala kokubili isango nenkomba, ngakho ukufakwa kwehluleka buthule. Rekhoda ukuthi ngubani ongumnikazi nokuthi kufanele kususwe nini.

Iskripthi sokuxhuma siyinguqulo eqinile, ngoba sengeza futhi okukhishiwe ngemuva kokuxhumana ngakunye esikhundleni sokuthemba ukuthi ukufakwa kwasinda. Imigqa emibili engezansi ingeyento eqala i-tunnel, hhayi iskripthi sokungena.

rasdial Office
route add 198.51.100.30 mask 255.255.255.255 10.0.0.1 metric 1 if 7

Noma yini ekhuphula i-tunnel iyindawo efanele yomugqa wesibili, futhi rasdial ibuyela kuphela lapho uxhumano selusunguliwe, ngakho umzila uwela ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-adaptha uqobo. Yisebenzise futhi ngemva kokuvuka, ngoba ukumisa kungalahla umzila kushiye i-tunnel iphezulu. Uma umsebenzi uhlanekezelwe, ukusunduza isiqalo esisodwa singene ku-tunnel kuyilapho okunye kusendaweni, khona-ke Add-VpnConnectionRoute iyithuluzi elifanele.

Ukuhamba kwezinto akukwazi ukukhetha inqubo

Ngezinye izikhathi isidingo sincane kunendawo yokufika: uhlelo olulodwa kumele luthathe indlela yendawo kuyilapho konke okunye kusengaphakathi kwe-tunnel. Ukuhamba kwezinto akukwazi ukukuveza lokho, ngoba kufanisa amakheli hhayi izinqubo. Iphethini esebenzayo isunduza inkinga kusidlali sokuqala.

Gcina iphrofayela kude nomzila ozenzakalelayo futhi uqale lolo hlelo olulodwa luboshwe ekhelini le-interface yendawo, ngakho okukhishiwe kuba umyalo wokuqalisa futhi i-tunnel igcina lokho ebesikwenza kakade. Akukho okushintshayo kuithebula lokuhamba, yingakho lokhu kudlula ekuxhumaneni kabusha. Kusho futhi ukuthi i-tunnel akumele ibe ngumnikazi womzila ozenzakalelayo kusukela ekuqaleni, ngakho lona umklamo ohlukile hhayi isichibiyelo kulowo owedlule.

Ubuthakathaka bayo buka-opharetha hhayi ubuchwepheshe. Uhlelo kumele luqale ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokusebenzisa isembozo, futhi uma ukubopha kungekho ngemva kokuvuka ithatha buthule noma iyiphi indlela ithebula eliyinikezayo. Lokho kuyabekezeleleka kubrowser oyivula ngamabomu futhi akwamukeleki kunoma yini engamele iphume ku-tunnel.

Ukuxhumana komsebenzisi ngamunye akukuxazululi lokhu. I-Windows ingabeka umkhawulo woxhumano ku-akhawunti kuyilapho ithebula lokuhamba lihlala lingelomshini wonkana, ngakho uxhumano olubekelwe umkhawulo ku-akhawunti oluphethe umzila ozenzakalelayo lusaqondisa kabusha zonke izinqubo kumshini, kuhlanganise nezinye izikhathi. Umkhawulo uba ngowangempela kuphela lapho umkhawulo womzila uhambisana ne-akhawunti. Ngakho abantu ababili ababelana nge-laptop eyodwa babelana ngethebula elilodwa, futhi owesibili uthola njengefa noma iyiphi i-tunnel eyaqalwa ngowokuqala.

Qinisekisa ukuthi okukhishiwe kudlule ekuxhumaneni kabusha

Hlola ushintsho ngendlela oluzohluleka ngayo: nqamula, xhuma futhi, vula uhlelo olusha, bese ufuna ikheli elilodwa okumele lihlale lisendaweni nokunye okumele kusebenzise i-tunnel. Qhathanisa kokubili ne-Find-NetRoute esimweni sokuxhumana.

Uma isiqalo singekho kuithebula ngemva kokuxhumana kabusha, sihleli entweni engalungile hhayi efomini engalungile. Sihambise ku-interface yomzimba futhi uphinde uhlole. Gcina kokubili okuphuma kumyalo kanye nerekhodi loshintsho, ngoba isithombe sesimo esisebenzayo siphendula imibuzo eminingi kamuva kunendima yencazelo. Umuntu olandelayo uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi uxhumano lukhiqizeni, hhayi ukuthi ubuhlose ukuthi kukhiqize ini.