Ukusakaza nge-VPN: ukutholakala, ukulawula noma ukugeleza?
Umukeli ongekho, isikhathi esenqatshiwe nokugeleza okuma kuhluleka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Qamba isigaba ngaphambi kokushintsha inqubomgomo ye-VPN yocingo noma inethiwekhi.
Ukusakaza kuphuka ezindaweni ezintathu ezibonakala zifana kusofa. Ucingo lungase lungayiboni neze imukeli, imukeli ingavela bese yenqaba isikhathi, noma isikhathi siqale bese sima ngemva komzuzu. Umhubhe ocingweni ushintsha ngayinye yalezo zindlela ngendlela ehlukile, kanti kolunye lwazo awushintshi lutho. Qala ngokuqamba isigaba esihlulekayo, bese unquma ukuthi ukushintsha inqubomgomo kuyisigxobo esifanele yini.
Qamba isigaba esihlulekayo ngaphambi kokushintsha inqubomgomo
Buka okwenza ucingo ngokuphazima kweso ngemva kokuthinta isithonjana sokusakaza. Uhlu olungenalutho luwumphumela wokutholakala, ukuthinta okubika iphutha luwumphumela wokulawula, futhi isikhathi esiqala ngaphambi kokuma siwumphumela wokudlala. Lezi zinto ezintathu zinabanikazi abehlukene, futhi ngokuvamile ezimbili zokuqala kuphela ezihlobene nezilungiselelo zomhubhe wocingo.
| Stage | What the phone shows | Evidence that separates it |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | No receiver in the list | Another device on the same segment sees the receiver |
| Control | Receiver listed, session refused | Port answer versus permission prompt |
| Playback | Session starts, then stalls | The receiver's own link, not the phone's |
Bhala phansi isigaba ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini. Ukulungisa okusetshenziswe esigabeni esingalungile kwenza ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungafundeki, futhi izindaba eziningi zokusakaza zivela kuleyo nkunguphambili.
Ukutholakala uwukuhamba kwangaphakathi, futhi umhubhe uyakufihla
Abamukeli bazikhangisa ngezimemezelo zangaphakathi futhi ucingo lubathola ngemibuzo kusixhumanisi esifanayo, ngakho noma yini ekhipha ucingo kuleso sixhumanisi ikhipha nomukeli ohlwini. Umhubhe ohambisa konke ukuhamba kude ne-LAN ungafihla lokho kushintshana, futhi imvume yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi esezingeni le-app ingakuvimbela ngisho lapho umzila ukhona. I-Wi-Fi yezivakashi enokwehlukaniswa kwamaklayenti inika uhlu olungenalutho olufanayo ngaphandle kwe-VPN nhlobo. Khombisa ukuthi amadivayisi amabili abelana ingxenye ngaphambi kokusola umhubhe.
avahi-browse -at | grep -i -E 'chromecast|googlecast'
dig +short @224.0.0.251 -p 5353 _googlecast._tcp.local PTRUmyalo wokuqala uhla lokho okuzikhangisayo engxenyeni yomshini osizayo, futhi owesibili ubuza ngqo iqembu le-DNS ye-multicast. Umukeli ongekho kukho kokubili ngeke avele nasohlelweni locingo, noma ngabe isimo somhubhe wocingo sinjani. Uma umukeli ebonakala kudivayisi evaliwe umhubhe futhi engabonakali kudivayisi evuliwe umhubhe, uthole isigaba nembangela ndawonye.
Ukukhishwa kwe-LAN kugcina umhubhe uvuliwe
Amaklayenti amaningi anikeza ukukhishwa kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi okushiya umhubhe usebenza kuyilapho kuvumela amakheli angaphakathi. Sebenzisa leso silungiselelo esibhaliwe esikhundleni sokuvala i-kill switch noma yonke i-firewall, ngoba lezo zishintsha okuningi kakhulu kunalokho okudingwa ukusakaza. Uma inethiwekhi ihlukanisa amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ngamabomu, cela umnikazi ukuhamba okuthile kokutholakala, ukulawula nokubuya esikhundleni sokufinyelela okucaba.
nc -vz 192.168.1.50 8009Ukuhlolwa kokulawula okubheke kumukeli kuhlukanisa imvume nokufinyeleleka: iphothi eliphendulayo lisho ukuthi umzila ukhona, kuyilapho ukwenqatshwa kusho ukuthi ucingo lwavunyelwa ukuthola idivayisi futhi alukwazi ukukhuluma nayo. Amaphothi 8008 no-8009 amaphothi okusakaza ajwayelekile, futhi i-app ingasebenzisa amanye, ngakho thatha iphothi elilodwa elenqatshiwe njengomkhondo hhayi isinqumo. Ukukhishwa nemvume ye-app kuhlala kuzimele, ngoba ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwangaphakathi akwenzi umzila futhi ukwengeza umzila akunikezi imvume. I-kill switch ingaphonsa nokuhamba kwangaphakathi ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha, yingakho ukutholakala kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha uma umhubhe usubuya.
Ukudlala kungenzeka kungasebenzisi ukuxhumana kocingo
Esikhathini esiholwa i-app, ucingo lunikeza imukeli ikheli lemithombo futhi imukeli iyilanda ngokuxhumana kwayo, ngakho ukushintsha ikheli lomphakathi locingo akwenzi lutho kugeleza. Isihloko esikhawulelwe yi-akhawunti singase sihluleke ngenxa yezizathu siqu, futhi izidingo zokusakaza zika-Google zihlanganisa ukuhambisana kwe-app nedivayisi hhayi umzila wenethiwekhi. Ukuhambisa ithelevishini uqobo ngomhubhe kuwukuhlelwa okuhlukile okunemibuzo yayo yenqubomgomo.
Izimpawu ezimbili zihlukanisa lezi zimo. Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo ngisho ngemva kokukhiya isikrini socingo kuholwa i-app, ngoba imukeli iyazilanda; isibuko esima uma isikrini somthumeli sikhiyiwe ukuggeleza okuqhubekayo okuvela ocingweni. Uma ukutholakala nokulawula kuphumelela kodwa ukudlala kuma, bheka isixhumanisi se-Wi-Fi somukeli nomzila wayo we-inthanethi esikhundleni salokho, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwesivinini ocingweni kuchaza ucingo hhayi ithelevishini.
Buyisa ukukhishwa bese uhlola futhi
Noma yiluphi ushintsho lwesikhashana ludinga indlela yokubuyela emuva, futhi ukulandelana kubalulekile. Susa ukukhishwa kwe-LAN, xhuma kabusha umhubhe ukuze iklayenti liphinde lisebenzise inqubomgomo yalo, bese uphinda isinyathelo sokutholakala futhi ubhale ukuthi umukeli uyanyamalala futhi yini. Lokho kulandelana kukutshela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwakusebenza noma kwashintsha okunye phakathi.
# after removing the LAN exception, reconnect and confirm the tunnel is up
resolvectl status | grep -E 'DNS Servers|Default Route|Protocols'
avahi-browse -at | grep -i -E 'chromecast|googlecast'Ngemva kwalokho qinisekisa izigaba ezintathu ngokwehlukana, ngoba ukuphumelela kwesinye akusho lutho ngezinye. Bese ubheka ukuthi izinhlelo zocingo ezingahlobene zisalandela umzila obekiwe yini, ngoba ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi okwaphenduka kwasinye ngokuthula kungumphumela omubi kunokusakaza okudinga ukuthinta okwengeziwe.