Iphrofayela ye-VPN ye-Android: thola umnikazi ngaphambi kokuyihlela
Umugqa we-VPN wesistimu ufihla uhlelo lokusebenza olungumnikazi wendawo yokugcina, imizila nezinkinobho. Khomba umnikazi, bese uqhathanisa isimo esiceliwe, esamukelwe nesisebenzisiwe.
Isikrini se-VPN se-Android sikhombisa umugqa owodwa onalo igama, isithonjana sokhiye futhi mhlawumbe isishintshi esihlala sivuliwe. Akuvamisile ukukhombisa indawo yokugcina, inqubomgomo yemizila, amaseva e-DNS noma izifakazelo ezenza uxhumano lusebenze, ngoba kuthungelelo olusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lezi zinto zingezohlelo. Umphumela ongokoqobo umbuzo we-runbook, hhayi wefilosofi: ngaphambi kokuhlela ifayela elilandiwe noma ukufuna isitolo samaphrofayela esimaphakathi, thola yisiphi isigaba esingumnikazi wesilungiselelo ofuna ukusishintsha.
Qala ngokuthola uhlobo loxhumano
Kunezinhlelo okungenani ezintathu esikrinini esisodwa sezilungiselelo. Uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenzisa i-VpnService ukwakha isixhumanisi esibonakalayo futhi lube ngumnikazi wephrothokholi nokucushwa okuyimfihlo, kuhlanganise nohlelo lokuhlunga lwasekhaya olungenayo indlela yokuphuma ekude. I-Android futhi ingahlinzeka ngephrofayela ye-IKEv2 yesikhungo nge-Ikev2VpnProfile, etholakala kusukela ku-API 30, lapho isikhungo sigcina ingxenye enkulu yephrofayela. Futhi uhlelo lomhlinzeki lungakhombisa uhlu lwaso lwamaseva futhi luhlanganise izilungiselelo ngaphakathi.
adb shell dumpsys connectivity | grep -i -A12 "VPN"
adb shell cmd connectivity list-owners 2>/dev/null || trueUmyalo wokuqala ukhombisa inethiwekhi ye-VPN esebenzayo kanye nezakhiwo zokuxhumana kwayo, okuyisimo esisetshenzisiwe. Uma umugqa usho iphakethe olaziyo, qala ngokubuka kwephrofayela yalolo hlelo uqobo esikhundleni sesikrini sesistimu.
Bhala umnikazi kanye nobubanzi bephrofayela
Bhala amaqiniso amane ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: iphakethe elingumnikazi, ukuthi uxhumano lukwiphrofayela yomuntu siqu noma yomsebenzi, igama lephrofayela noma loxhumano njengoba uhlelo lukukhombisa, nokuthi ngubani olusebenzisayo. Umnikazi wedivayisi angahlinzeka nge-VPN yephrofayela yomsebenzi umsebenzisi wephrofayela yomuntu siqu angakwazi ukuyihlela, futhi uhlelo olufanayo olufakwe kabili lukunikeza abanikazi ababili abazimele.
Lesi sinyatuko sivimbela ihora elilahleka kakhulu, okuwukuhlela iphrofayela okungeyona leyo exhunyiwe. Izinhlelo zokubonisa zivame ukugcina amaphrofayela ambalwa, futhi elisebenzayo liyisici sohlelo, hhayi somugqa we-Android.
Qhathanisa isimo esiceliwe, esamukelwe nesisebenzisiwe
Lezi zinyatuko ezintathu ezihlukene, futhi umehluko phakathi kwazo ukutshela ukuthi yisiphi isigaba okufanele usilungise.
| Stage | Where to look | What it proves |
|---|---|---|
| Requested | The app's profile editor or imported file | What the owner intends to use |
| Received | Sanitized app log of server-supplied options | What the peer actually pushed |
| Applied | Link properties and routes after connect | What the device is really using |
Isinyatuko esisetshenzisiwe yisona kuphela ongasibuka ngaphandle kokwethemba ilogi yomunye umuntu. Qhathanisa amaseva e-DNS nemizila kuzakhiwo zokuxhumana okusebenzayo nalokho okushiwo yiphrofayela; uma kuhlukile, iseva yasunduza okuthile noma uhlelo lusebenzise inqubomgomo obungalindelanga.
adb shell ip addr show tun0
adb shell ip route show table all | head -40Amagama ezixhumanisi ahlukile phakathi kwezinhlelo, ngakho qala ngokubala izixhumanisi bese ufunda leyo eyavela lapho ithungelelo lixhumana. Umzila okhona kuhlelo lokuhlela kodwa ongekho lapha awukaze usetshenziswe; umzila okhona lapha kodwa ongekho kuhlelo lokuhlela uvela kwenye indawo.
Hlela ifayela umnikazi alifundayo ngempela
Kuphrofayela ye-OpenVPN engenisiwe, uhlelo luvame ukugcina ikhophi yalo. Ukuhlela ifayela elalandiwe ekuqaleni kamuva akushintshi uxhumano olulandelayo; sebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlela olubhalwe phansi lohlelo, noma ingenise futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iyiphi iphrofayela esebenzayo manje. Lona umehluko phakathi kokushintsha ifayela nokushintsha ukucushwa.
Izinhlelo zomhlinzeki zivame ukuhlanganisa izilungiselelo kusukela ohlwini lwamaseva esikhundleni sokubhala ifayela umsebenzisi angalihlela. Ukungabikho kwenkinobho yokukhipha akusona ubufakazi bokuthi i-VPN ingamanga, futhi ifayela elikishiwe lingashiya ngaphandle okhiye ababoshelwe kudivayisi noma izinto zokubhalisa ezidingwa enye idivayisi. Thatha ukukhipha nokungenisa njengezenzo ezihlukene ezinezimo zazo zokuqala.
Bhala inothi lokusekela ngaphandle kokudalula izimfihlo
Inothi eliwusizo lisho uhlelo nophrofayela oqondile, isilungiselelo esibonakala singalungile, nobufakazi obuvela esinyatukweni ngasinye. Isibonelo: le phrofayela ithola ikheli le-DNS eliyimfihlo kuseva, kodwa uhlelo lomsebenzi oluhlosiwe alukwazi ukuxazulula insizakalo yalo, futhi izakhiwo zokuxhumana ezisetshenzisiwe zikhombisa leso sixazululi kuyilapho uhlelo lokuhlela lwephrofayela likhombisa esinye.
Gcina izifakazelo ngaphandle kwenothi. Ukwenza i-root kudivayisi ukuze useshe isitolo esiyimfihlo sohlelo akudingeki ukuze kutholakale umnikazi, futhi indlela eqanjiwe yedirekhodi yedatha ayisona isixhumanisi esisekelwayo. Uma impendulo idinga amabhayithi abonwa uhlelo kuphela, cela umnikazi ukukhipha kokuxilonga esikhundleni kokuzakhela okunye.
Uma umsebenzi usuphothuliwe, vala umjikelezo: qinisekisa igama lephrofayela esebenzayo, funda isimo esisetshenzisiwe futhi, futhi nqamula kanye ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ushintsho luhlala ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha. Isilungiselelo esikhona kuhlelo lokuhlela kuphela asikakasetwa.