Ukudluliswa kwamachweba ku-hotspot ye-Android: izindawo ezintathu zokungena

Uvule i-hotspot, waxhuma i-VPN, wavula ichweba kuhlelo lokusebenza, kanti enye idivayisi ayikwazi ukuxhumana. Ingxenye engekho cishe ayilona ichweba ngokwalo. Umbuzo ngowokuthi iyiphi imshini ephethe isokhethi elalelayo nokuthi enye idivayisi kufanele ifinyelele kukuphi ikheli. Ngibheka lokhu kusuka ocingweni ngaphandle, ngoba isikrini okuso kuso sikutshela ukuthi iyiphi kwezindawo ezintathu zokungena oyihlola ngempela.

Qala lapho insizakalo isebenza khona ngempela

Vula uhlelo lokusebenza okufanele lwamukele uxhumano futhi ufunde ikhasi lalo lesimo. Uma lithi liyalalela, bhala ikheli elixhunywe kulo, ngoba leyo ncazelo eyodwa inquma izimo eziningi ngezansi. Uhlelo oluxhunywe ku-127.0.0.1 lufinyeleleka kuphela ocingweni ngokwalo, futhi akukho klieyenti ye-hotspot, imephu yomhlinzeki noma ukuphuma kwe-VPN okuzokushintsha lokho.

Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi eqhuba insizakalo. Kuba ucingo, bese isokhethi ingeyalolo hlelo, noma ikhompyutha ephathekayo engemuva kwe-hotspot, bese umlaleli kanye ne-firewall yakhe kungokwekhompyutha futhi ucingo ludlulisa amaphakethe kuphela. Lezi izakhiwo ezihlukene ezinabanikazi abahlukene, futhi ukuzihlanganisa yikho okwenza ichweba elivulwe endaweni eyodwa lingenzi lutho kwenye.

Ekwakhiweni okungalungiseka, adb shell ingabala amasokhethi nge-/proc/net/tcp, kodwa kwabaningi isimo sohlelo ngokwalo siwumthombo othembekile. Futhi kugwema ugibe lokuhlola isokhethi uhlelo oluyivule ekhelini obungayilindele.

Indawo yokuqala yokungena: enye idivayisi ku-hotspot

Lesi yisimo sasendaweni futhi kulula kakhulu ukusenza ngendlela efanele. Enye idivayisi ifinyelela ucingo ekhelini elilibona njengesango laso, echwebeni uhlelo olulalelayo, futhi akukho lutho ngaphandle kwe-hotspot okufanele kuhileke. Ayikho imephu yomhlinzeki edingekayo futhi asikho isici somhlinzeki okufanele sibe khona, ngoba ithrafikhi ayikaze iphume engxenyeni yasendaweni.

Izinto ezimbili ziyayephula. Uhlelo luxhunywe ku-loopback, noma inqubomgomo yeklieyenti ocingweni ayivumeli uxhumano lwasendaweni. Hlola ngeprotokholi yohlelo ngokwalo esikhundleni soxhumano lwe-TCP olungenalutho uma uhlelo luqinisekisa, ngoba umlaleli owamukelayo bese enqaba ubonakala ufana nechweba elivaliwe kude.

Uma insizakalo isebenza kukhompyutha ephathekayo exhunywe ocingweni, ikheli le-hotspot likacingo akulona ngisho iphuzu. Udinga ikheli lekhompyutha ephathekayo kusikhombisi se-hotspot kanye nomlaleli kukhompyutha, futhi ucingo alusenabo ubunikazi balutho ngaphandle kokudlulisa.

Indawo yesibili yokungena: indlela yomhlinzeki

Ukufinyelela ucingo kusuka kunethiwekhi yeselula kwenye inkinga, futhi ngokuvamile akusebenzi neze kwi-IPv4. Abahlinzeki babeka izingcingo ngemuva kokuhumusha okwabiwe, yikho RFC 6598 yabelela uhla lwamakheli olwabiwe ngqo lokho kuhlelwa. Uxhumano olungaceliwe olungena alunamephu yokungena ngalo, futhi akukho kulungiselelwa kwasendaweni okuludalayo, ngoba umhumushi akuyona idivayisi yakho.

Ukufinyelela nge-root nakho akukushintshi lokho. Kukunika ukulawula isitaki socingo, hhayi umhumushi womhlinzeki, futhi izindlela ezithembisa okuhlukile ngokuvamile zicabanga ikheli lomphakathi umhlinzeki angakaze alinikeze. Lapho umhlinzeki enikeza isiqalo se-IPv6 somphakathi, indlela yokungena ingaba khona, kodwa umlaleli ne-firewall kacingo kusadinga imvume yamabomu ngaphambi kokuthi kukhulume lutho.

Indawo yesithathu yokungena: ukuphuma kwe-VPN

Ikheli iwebhusayithi elibika ngenkathi umgudu uvulekile yikheli lokuphuma lethrafikhi ephumayo emboziwe. Lokho akufani nekheli elamukela ukuxhumana okungena esikhundleni sakho. Ukulisebenzisa ekungeneni kudinga isici umhlinzeki asinikeza ngempela, njengechweba elidlulisiwe noma imephu yokungena exhunywe ku-akhawunti yakho, kanye nendlela esebenzisekayo kusuka ekuphumeni kuya kuklieyenti.

Umthetho wemvume wasendaweni awukwazi ukwakha leyo mephu. Engakwenza ukushintsha ukuthi izimpendulo zohlelo zihamba ngakuphi, futhi lokho kubalulekile lapho uhlelo lungafakwanga emgodini: isicelo nempendulo kungagcina kusezimeni ezehlukene zenethiwekhi, futhi uxhumano luhluleka ngendlela ebukeka njengenkinga ye-firewall.

Hlola indlela eyodwa kusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, bese usho umnikazi

Bhala i-tuple ngaphambi kokuhlola: umthombo ohlosiwe, ikheli lendawo, ukuthutha, ichweba kanye nomshini ophethe isokhethi elalelayo. Uma noma iyiphi ingxenye iwukuqagela, ukuhlola ngeke kukutshele lutho olusizayo, futhi ekugcineni uzoshintsha isendlalelo sesibili ukuze uchaze esokuqala.

Bese uhlola leyo ndlela eyodwa egunyaziwe ngokuthi ukuqinisekisa kohlelo kusaphelele. Gwema ukushicilela umlaleli obanzi noma ukucisha izilawuli ezingahlobene ukuze kuphela ukuhlolwa kokheli lomphakathi okungacacile kuphendule, ngoba zombili izinguquko zihlala isikhathi eside kunokuhlola futhi azikho kuzo ekhombisa ukuthi isakhiwo siyasebenza.

Uhlelo oluncane lwe-tethering lwe-Android ludlulisela ithrafikhi ehla ngendlela yalo, ngokwehlukile ekubanjweni kwe-VPN okujwayelekile kohlelo, ngakho isiphequluli esisebenza kukhompyutha exhunyiwe asisho lutho ngokufinyelela okungena ensizakalweni esecingeni. Ngaphambi kokuyibiza ngokuthi iyasebenza:

• Isokhethi elalelayo isekhelini umlingani ohlosiwe angalifinyelela, hhayi ku-loopback.
• Umlingani usebenzisa ikheli elingelendawo yokungena, hhayi ikheli lokuphuma elikhasini lesimo.
• Noma iyiphi imephu ohlangothini lomhlinzeki iyisici esisekelwayo, hhayi umthetho owengeze endaweni.
• Isicelo nempendulo zihamba esimweni esifanayo senethiwekhi, futhi ukuqinisekisa kohlelo kusadlula.