Waxa liiska musharraxiinta WebRTC ku muujiyo VPN-kaaga
Musharraxa martigeliyaha, server-ka-hadal ama gudbinta wuxuu sheegaa halka ciwaanku ka yimid. Kaliya lammaanaha ICE la doortay ayaa sheegaya wadada ay warbaahintu dhab ahaan isticmaashay.
Marka bogga tijaabada WebRTC uu daabaco 172.20.4.15, waxa uu ogaaday in interface maxalli ah uu ku jiro shabakadaas. Taasi waa daahfur run ah, mana aha natiijada «warbaahintu ka baxday bixitaanka VPN». Helista musharraxiinta iyo marista baakadaha waa habab gooni ah, badi warbixinada qulqulka waxay isku daraan hal go’aan. Midda aad eegto ayaa go’aamisa xalka.
Ururinta waxay dhacdaa ka hor inta wax la dirin
Browser-ku wuxuu liis gareeyaa interface-yada maxalliga ah, wuxuu u diraa codsi xidhitaan server STUN wuxuuna ka codsadaa server TURN qoondayn, ka dibna natiijooyinka wuxuu ku qoraa sharaxaadda fadhiga sida safafka musharraxiinta. Waxaas oo dhan waxay dhammaadaan iyada oo aan lahayn wicitaan, warbaahin iyo dhinac kale. Sidaas darteed liiska musharraxiinta waa diiwaanka helista, ma aha gudbinta.
Browser-yada casriga ah waxay beddeli karaan ciwaanka dhabta ah ee musharraxa martigeliyaha magac mDNS .local, sidaas darteed boggu ma akhrin karo IP-ga gaarka ah. Shabakadda maxalliga ah waxay weli arkaa weydiimaha multicast ee magacaas xalliya, taasoo la micno ah ciwaanka waa laga qariyay barnaamijka, lama tirtirin xariiqda.
Nidaamkuna waa muhiim: rarista bog cusub waxay ururisaa koox cusub, iyada oo leh qoondayn TURN kale iyo laga yaabo khariidad milicsi kale. Laba orod oo kala duwan ma aha qasab laba habayn oo kala duwan.
Saddex nooc oo musharrax, saddex nooc oo caddayn
Sadar kastaa wuxuu ka yimaadaa indho-indheyn kale. Nooc kastaa wuxuu ka jawaabaa su’aal kale, shaxduna waxay u kala saartaa waxa ay caddayn karaan iyo waxa aanay caddayn karin.
| Candidate | Derived from | What it establishes | What it cannot establish |
|---|---|---|---|
| Host | An interface on the device | A local address exists in that network | That the peer can reach it |
| Server-reflexive | A STUN binding response | How a NAT mapped this source | Which exit the media will use |
| Peer-reflexive | A connectivity check that arrived | An address seen by the far side | That it was ever advertised |
| Relay | A TURN allocation | The relay server accepted the session | That the relay carries the call |
Musharraxa gudbinta waxaa badanaa lagu khaldaa ciwaanka internet-ka ee isticmaalaha. Waxaa iska leh server TURN, jiritaankiisuna wuxuu muujinayaa in gudbin diyaar ahayd, ma aha in browser-ku doortay. Isla jahawareerkaas wuxuu u socdaa dhinaca kale musharraxiinta martigeliyaha, halkaas oo magac mDNS uu ciwaanka ka qariyo bogga halka shabakaddu weli qaaddo weydiimaha. Akhri nooca ka hor inta aadan akhrin qiimaha.
Lammaanaha la doortay wuxuu ka jawaabaa su’aasha marista
ICE waxay lammaaneysaa musharrax kasta oo maxalli ah musharrax kasta oo fog, waxay ku sameysaa hubin xiriir kasta oo lammaane ah waxayna magacaabaa guuleyste. Lammaanahaas la magacaabay, oo ka muuqda baaritaanka browser-ka qudhiisa, ayaa qaada warbaahinta. Wax kasta oo kale oo liiska ku jira waa fursad lumay.
Guuleystaha wuxuu kuu sheegaa qaabka wadada. Gudbin-ka-gudbin waxay maraa server TURN, lammaanaha martigeliyaha wuxuu ku sii jiraa shabakadda maxalliga ah, lammaanaha server-milicsi wuxuu si toos ah u maraa NAT. Taasi waa xaqiiqda baaritaanka VPN u baahan yahay, waana xaqiiq ka duwan liiska ciwaannada. Laba wicitaan oo leh liisaska musharraxiinta isku mid ah waxay qaadan karaan lammaane kala duwan.
Musharraxiinta aan la dooran ayaa sidoo kale la ururiyay, ururintuna waa socodka shabakadda oo ka baxa qalabka. Wicitaan ugu dambeyntii isticmaalay gudbinta macneheedu ma aha in aan waxba la muujin inta liiska la dhisayay.
Kontaroolada waxay la jaan qaadaan yoolalka, ma aha dhibcaha qulqulka
Qeexitaanka WebRTC ee maaraynta IP wuxuu sharraxayaa dhowr siyaasadood: isticmaal kaliya interface-ka qaada wadada caadiga ah, isticmaal dhammaan interface-yada, oo jooji UDP aan proxy lahayn si socodku uu u maro gudbin ama proxy. Mid kastaa wuxuu isku beddelaa xiriirka iyo daahitaanka nooc kale oo soo-gaadhista. Nooca browser-ku hirgaliyo, iyo magaca, way ku kala duwan tahay platform iyo nooca.
Siyaasadda ka dooro yoolka. Ciwaannada maxalliga ah ka qarin bogga waa hal yool; ka-hortagga socodka tooska ah ee dhinacyada waa mid kale; baakad kasta ku haynta tunnelka gudihiisa waa tan saddexaad. Tan koowaad waxay inta badan ku saabsan tahay waxa barnaamijku barto, tan labaad wadada la ogolyahay, tan saddexaadna waa in lagu dhaqangaliyo xadka platform ama VPN sidoo kale.
Kontarool kasta oo aad dooratid, hubi labada qaybood: orod tijaabada ururinta oo qor noocyada musharraxiinta, ka dibna baadh lammaanaha la doortay inta lagu jiro fadhi dhab ah. Liis ciwaan nadiif ah oo leh wado warbaahineed toos ah wali waa wado aanad ujeeddo lahayn.