Abin da jerin ’yan takarar WebRTC ke bayyanawa game da VPN ɗinka
Ɗan takarar mai masauki, mai nuna na uwar garke ko na relay yana faɗin daga ina adireshi ya zo. Sai dai zaɓaɓɓen nau’in ICE ke faɗin wace hanya kafofin watsa labarai suka yi amfani da ita a zahiri.
Lokacin da shafin gwajin WebRTC ya buga 172.20.4.15, ya gano cewa akwai hanyar sadarwa ta gida a wannan cibiyar sadarwa. Wannan bayyanawa ce ta gaske, kuma ba ita ce binciken «kafofin watsa labarai sun fita ta hanyar ficewar VPN» ba. Gano ’yan takara da tafiyar da fakiti hanyoyi ne daban-daban, kuma yawancin rahotannin ɓoyewa suna haɗa su cikin hukunci ɗaya. Wanne daga cikinsu kake kallo shi ne ke ƙayyade maganin.
Tattarawa tana faruwa kafin a aika wani abu
Mai bincike yana lissafta hanyoyin sadarwa na gida, yana aika buƙatar ɗaurewa zuwa uwar garken STUN kuma yana neman uwar garken TURN rarraba, sannan yana rubuta sakamakon a cikin bayanin zama a matsayin layukan ’yan takara. Duk wannan yana ƙarewa ba tare da kira, ba tare da kafofin watsa labarai ba kuma ba tare da abokin gaba ba. Don haka jerin ’yan takara rikodin ganowa ne, ba na jigilar kaya ba.
Manya-manyan masu bincike na iya maye gurbin ainihin adireshin ɗan takarar mai masauki da sunan mDNS .local, don haka shafin ba zai iya karanta IP na sirri ba. Cibiyar sadarwar gida har yanzu tana ganin tambayoyin multicast da ke warware wannan sunan, don haka adireshin an ɓoye shi daga manhajar maimakon a cire shi daga hanyar sadarwa.
Tsari ma yana da muhimmanci: sabon lodin shafi yana tattara sabon saiti, da wani rarraba TURN daban kuma wataƙila wani taswirar nuni daban. Gudu biyu da suka bambanta ba lallai ne su zama jeri daban-daban biyu ba.
Nau’ikan ’yan takara uku, ire-iren hujjoji uku
Kowace layi ta fito daga wata dubawa daban. Kowane nau’i yana amsa wata tambaya daban, kuma teburin yana raba su bisa abin da za su iya tabbatarwa da abin da ba za su iya ba.
| Candidate | Derived from | What it establishes | What it cannot establish |
|---|---|---|---|
| Host | An interface on the device | A local address exists in that network | That the peer can reach it |
| Server-reflexive | A STUN binding response | How a NAT mapped this source | Which exit the media will use |
| Peer-reflexive | A connectivity check that arrived | An address seen by the far side | That it was ever advertised |
| Relay | A TURN allocation | The relay server accepted the session | That the relay carries the call |
Ana yawan kuskure ɗan takarar relay da adireshin intanet na mai amfani. Nasa ne na uwar garken TURN, kuma kasancewarsa yana nuna cewa relay yana samuwa, ba cewa mai bincike ya zaɓe shi ba. Irin wannan rikicewar tana gudana a wata hanya da ’yan takarar mai masauki, inda sunan mDNS ke ɓoye adireshin daga shafin yayin da cibiyar sadarwa ke ci gaba da ɗaukar tambayoyin. Karanta nau’in kafin ka karanta darajar.
Zaɓaɓɓen nau’i yana amsa tambayar hanya
ICE yana haɗa kowane ɗan takara na gida da kowane na nesa, yana gudanar da gwajin haɗi a kan kowane nau’i kuma yana naɗa wanda ya yi nasara. Wannan naɗaɗɗen nau’i, wanda ake gani a cikin binciken mai bincike da kansa, shi ne ke ɗaukar kafofin watsa labarai. Duk sauran da ke cikin jerin yiwuwar da ta sha kaye ne.
Wanda ya yi nasara yana gaya maka siffar hanyar. Relay-zuwa-relay yana wucewa ta uwar garken TURN, nau’in mai masauki yana zama a cibiyar sadarwar gida, kuma nau’in da ke nuna na uwar garke yana tafiya kai tsaye ta NAT. Wannan ita ce hujjar da binciken VPN ke buƙata, kuma hujja ce daban da jerin adireshi. Kira biyu da jerin ’yan takara iri ɗaya na iya ɗaukar nau’i daban-daban.
An tattara ’yan takarar da ba a zaɓa ba duk da haka, kuma tattarawa zirga-zirgar cibiyar sadarwa ce da ke barin na’urar. Kiran da a ƙarshe ya yi amfani da relay ba yana nufin ba a bayyana komai ba yayin da ake gina jerin.
Sarrafawa sun dace da manufofi, ba da makin ɓoyewa ba
Ƙa’idar WebRTC ta sarrafa IP tana bayyana manufofi da yawa: yin amfani da hanyar sadarwa da ke ɗaukar hanyar da aka saba kawai, yin amfani da duk hanyoyin sadarwa, da kashe UDP marar wakili don zirga-zirga dole ta wuce ta relay ko wakili. Kowanne yana musanya haɗi da jinkiri da wani irin bayyanar. Wanne ne mai bincike ke aiwatarwa, kuma a wace suna, ya bambanta bisa dandali da siga.
Zaɓi manufar bisa ga buri. Ɓoye adiresoshin gida daga shafi ɗaya ne buri; hana zirga-zirgar abokan gaba kai tsaye wani ne; riƙe kowane fakiti cikin rami na uku ne. Na farko ya fi magana ne game da abin da manhajar ke koya, na biyu game da wace hanya aka yarda da ita, kuma na uku dole a aiwatar da shi a iyakar dandali ko VPN ma.
Duk wace sarrafawa ka zaɓa, tabbatar da rabi biyu: gudanar da gwajin tattarawa ka rubuta nau’ikan ’yan takara, sannan ka duba zaɓaɓɓen nau’i yayin zama na gaske. Jerin adireshi mai tsabta tare da hanyar kafofin watsa labarai kai tsaye har yanzu hanya ce da ba ka nufa ba.