Baaritaanno aqbalaad oo loogu talagalay albaab VPN oo muuqaal ah oo leh xaqiijin laba arrimood
Caddee albaabka tallaabo tallaabo: diiwaangelin, gelitaan, diidmo, burrin iyo soo celin, mid kastoo leh caddayn iyo shuruud gudbid oo la qoray ka hor imtixaanka.
Iibiyayaashu waxay qalabkan ku tilmaamaan mid muuqaal ah oo awood u leh laba arrimood, mana jiro mid ka mid ah labadaas eray oo ka jawaaba su'aalaha go'aamiya iibsiga. Sawirka hypervisor-ka ee la taageeray, macaamiisha diiwaangeli kara, waxa uu arrinta labaad dhab ahaan caddeeyo, iyo waxa dhaca marka bixiyaha aqoonsiga uu dhaco ayaa wali furan. U beddel kuwa tallaabooyin aqbaalaad oo aad ku socodsiin karto tababar, go'aankuna wuu joojinayaa ku tiirsanaanta inta ay lebbiska xogta qancinayso. Warqadda hoose waa qaab-dhismeedka caddayntaas, ma aha kala-saarid alaabta.
Waxa ay tahay in bixiyuhu ku xaqiijiyo daabacaaddan
Ku bilow inaad daabacaadda ku soo koobto hal bog: hypervisor-ka ama daruurta, dhismaha martida, sawirka la taageeray iyo isku-xirka ay qalabku filanayso. Ku dar isticmaalayaasha nidaamyadooda hawlgalka, haddii qalabka la maamulo, iyo sida diiwaangelinta iyo gelitaanku ay tahay inay shaqeeyaan. Kadib gelitaanka gaarka ah: barnaamijyada iyo horgalaha, habaynta DNS, waddooyinka soo noqodka, iyo haddii meesha bixista internet-ka dadweynaha ay qayb ka tahay soo jeedinta.
Hawlgalkuna isla boggaas buu ku jiraa: yaa qalabka hayaa, halka ay cusboonaysiintu ka timaaddo, halka ay diiwaannadu tagaan, sida loo ilaaliyo habaynta, iyo yaa yahay yoolka soo celinta ee ganacsigu dhab ahaan ogolaaday. Weydii bixiyaha inuu xaqiijiyo isku-dhafkaas saxda ah, ma aha in software-ku ku shaqeeyo mishiin muuqaal ah. Muuji ku-tiirsanaanta dibadda sida bixiyaha aqoonsiga ama adeegga shatiga, waayo waa qayb ka mid ah daabacaadda haddii lagu daro iyo haddii kaleba. Bogga daabacaadda oo aan lahayn ku-tiirsanaan magac leh badanaa waa bog daabacaad leh ku-tiirsanaan aan la garanayn.
Caddee in arrinta labaad ay tahay arrin labaad
Magacow xaqiijiyaha iyo socodka xaqiijinta, oo sheeg aqoonsiga ay tallaabo kastaa dhistaan. Laba weydiimood oo furaha sirta ah oo isku xigta ma aha arrin labaad, furaha sirta ah iyo kood hal-mar la isticmaalo waa sheegasho ka duwan xaqiijiyaha kriptograafiga ah ee adeegga ku xidhan. Qor socodka aad iibsanayso, ma aha calaamada sanduuqa.
Iska caabbinta phishing-ka waa sifo gooni ah, iyo hagaha NIST ee xaqiijiyayaasha waxay u arkaan sidaas: kood uu isticmaale lagu khiyaanayn karo inuu gudbiyo wali wuxuu buuxiyaa xaqiijinta dhowr arrimood laakiin wuu ku guuldareystaa shuruuddaas dheeraadka ah. Dalbo sifada si cad haddii ay kugu habboon tahay. Kadib dalbo bandhig ka yimaada nooca macmiilka ee isticmaalayaashu dhab ahaan socodsiiyaan, oo daboolaya diiwaangelinta, caqabad la diiday ama dhacday, soo celinta ka dib xaqiijiyaha lumay, iyo burrinta hal isticmaale halka kuwa kale xidhan yihiin. Ku hay xaqiijinta aqoonsiga albaabka gudaha baaxadda, waayo macmiil kasta oo albaab kasta aaminaa wuu raray dhibaatada halkii uu xallin lahaa.
Qor shuruudda gudbid ka hor inta aadan wax jebin
Shaxda hoose waa qaybta warqadda ee ka badbaadda xiriirka bixiye, waayo saf kastaa wuxuu dalbanayaa caddayn halkii uu dalban lahaa dammaanad. Buuxi shuruudda gudbid ka hor tababarka, oo u qaado saf aan caddayn lahayn sida saf guuldareystay. Shan tallaabo ayaa daboolaya waxa albaabku sameeyo.
| Acceptance stage | Evidence to keep | Pass condition |
|---|---|---|
| Enrolment | Enrolment record with the device type and the identity used | A new device enrols once, and nobody else can enrol it afterwards |
| Sign-in with the second factor | Session record naming both factors and the gateway identity that was checked | The session carries the expected identity and the gateway certificate validated |
| Denial of an unapproved destination | Log line from the control that refused the flow, with the policy name | The flow is refused and the refusal is attributable to one control |
| Revocation of one user | Revocation timestamp and the sessions that survived it | The named user is out and unaffected users keep working |
| Restore from configuration backup | Restored version plus a probe of a revoked identity | The revision matches the backup and revoked identities stay revoked |
Diiwaangelinta ayaa u horreysa sababtoo ah wax kasta oo ka dambeeya way ku tiirsan tahay: qalab aan diiwaangelin karin lama tijaabin karo. Gelitaanku waa tallaabo ka gooni ah diiwaangelinta, diidmaduna waa tallaabada ay warqadaha badankoodu illoobaan, waayo albaab qof walba soo dhex geliya lama caddayn inuu qof diido. Burrin iyo soo celin ayaa qaada inta badan khatarta hawlgalka, labaduba way jaban yihiin in lagu tababarto nuqul.
Ku tababbar nuqulka, ma aha albaabka nool
Ku socodsii tallaabooyinka carqaladaynta nuqulka madal, adigoo raacaya habka daabacaadda la taageeray, oo hay caddayn kasta oo leh taariikhdiisa iyo nooca habaynta. Safka dib u bilowga lagama jawaabo dib u bilow ka socda console-ka, safka soo celintana lagama jawaabo dhoofinta habaynta. Xusuusi gobolka iskiis u soo noqda iyo waxa dib u xidhmi doona, waayo farqigaas ayaa kooxda hawlgalku dhaxlaan. Tababarku sidoo kale waa fursadda kaliya ee lagu qiyaaso soo celinta adigoon sharraxin hakad.
Diiwaangeli gobolka bixiyaha aqoonsiga waqtiga imtixaan kasta, waayo safka hakadka ee lagu tijaabiyay bixiye caafimaad qaba wuxuu caddeeyaa lidka waxa warqaddu sheegato. Laba dib-u-eegis sameeyayaal isla tababar waxay qabtaan waxyaabo kala duwan, kan labaadna badanaa wuxuu helaa safka caddayntiisu tahay shaashad daaqad xogta. Ku hay caddayntaas ku dheggan safka ay leedahay, ma aha galka magaca mashruuca.
Qiyaas culayska shaqada ee kooxdaadu socodsii doonto
Ku heshiiya culays u eg toddobaad caadi ah, kadib ku qiyaas halka aad dooneysid inaad ku daabacdo: isku-waqti, isku-dhafka taraafikada, iyo daaqadda dayactirka ee kooxdu dhab ahaan haysato. Tirada wax-soo-saarka la xayeysiiyay waxay sharraxaysaa xaalad shaybaar mana sheegto wax ku saabsan isticmaalayaashaada. Ku qiyaas soo celinta yoolka soo celinta, ma aha qorshaha.
Warqaddu waxay dhammaataa marka tallaabo kastaa leedahay caddayn iyo caddayn kastaa leedahay taariikh. Qalab uu qof hayo, oo leh caddayn saf kasta, waa iib ka duwan liiska ugu dheer ee sanduuqyada calaamadeysan.