Internet ma jiro ka dib marka VPN la tirtiro: liis-koob ka hor dib-u-dejinta
Dib-u-dejin buuxda waxay tirtirtaa caddaynta iyo hadhaagaba. Akhri marka hore waddooyinka, kataloogga Winsock iyo boostada, ka dibna kor u kac salaanka tallaabo kasta.
Ka saarista macmiil VPN waa in ay mashiinka ku celiso sidii uu ahaa ka hor, marna waxay soo celisaa mashiin aan waxba laga xallin oo biraawsarku weli rabo boroksi. Hadhaaga waxay ka yimaadaan liis gaaban oo milkiilayaal ah: waddooyin, bixiyeyaasha Winsock, dejinta boroksi, DNS iyo darawallada shaandhaynta. Waxaa jira laba istaraatijiyad hagaajin, waxayna ku kala duwan yihiin inta badan waxa ay burburiyaan.
Laba hagaajin oo kharash aad u kala duwan
| Approach | What it fixes | What it costs |
|---|---|---|
| Full network reset | Almost everything, eventually | Wi-Fi passwords, firewall rules, evidence |
| Inventory, then narrow resets | The piece that actually broke | Time, and one command per layer |
Dib-u-dejinta ballaaran maaha khalad; waa qaali. Waxay kaloo meesha ka saartaa caddaynta sheegi lahayd lakabka fashilmay, sidaas darteed mashiinka xiga ee isla calaamadda leh wuxuu mar kale ka bilaabmaa eber. Liis-koobka marka hore wuxuu qaataa afar amar, saddex ka mid ahna waxay kaliya akhriyaan.
Ku dooro saacadda, ma aha doorbid. Mashiin ay tahay inuu shaqeeyo toban daqiiqadood gudahood, dib-u-dejin buuxda ayaa laga yaabaa inay tahay go'aanka saxda ah, qoraalka aad ka tagto dabadeedna waa waxa kaliya ee ilaaliya aqoonta. Koox leh calaamad soo noqnoqota, liis-koobku waa dariiqa ka jaban maxaa yeelay wuxuu bixiyaa sabab halkii ay ahaan lahayd hakad dhamaaday.
Akhri afar wax ka hor inta aadan taaban wax
ipconfig /all
route print -4
netsh winsock show catalog
netsh winhttp show proxySoo-saar kastaa wuxuu u dhigmaa cilad kale. Waddada caadiga ah ee tilmaamaysa adapter aan hadda jirin waxay sharraxaysaa internet dhintay oo shabakad maxalli ah shaqaynayso. Server DNS adapter oo hore u ahaan jiray tunnel waxay sharraxaysaa magacyo fashilma iyadoo cinwaannada shaqaynayaan. Bixiye Winsock oo macmiilku rakibay waxay sharraxaysaa fashilada biraawsarka ee ka badbaada isbeddel kasta oo waddo. Gelitaan boroksi waxay sharraxaysaa biraawsar aan meelna gaarin halka curl gaaro.
Si gooni ah u hubi boroksiga biraawsarka laftiisa. Wuxuu ku nool yahay wada-hadalka xulashooyinka internet-ka ee hoos yimaada isku-xirka iyo dejinta shabakadda maxalliga ah, waana dejin ka duwan boroksiga WinHTTP ee amarku soo sheegayo. Mid hagaajintu ma hagaajiso kan kale, mashiinna wuu qaadi karaa labadaba. Raadi cinwaan boroksi aan meelna lagu xallin, maxaa yeelay waa qaabka uu ka tagayo macmiil la saaray.
Kor u kac salaanka halkii aad boodi lahayd
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
ipconfig /flushdns
route -f
netsh int ip reset reset.log
netsh winsock reset catalogroute -f wuxuu nadiifiyaa shaxda waddooyinka isagoo aan taaban adapters, taas oo ah habka ugu jaban ee lagu saaro waddada caadiga ah ee tunnel-ka hadhay. netsh int ip reset dib u qoraa dejinta stack TCP/IP wuxuuna filayaa dib-u-bilaabid. netsh winsock reset soo celiyaa kataloogga uu beddelay darawal shaandhayn, waana tallaabada hagaajisa fashilada kaliya biraawsarka lagu arko. Mid maamul, tijaabi, ka dibna maamul kan xiga; salaanka aad kortay waa salaan aad mustaqbalka sharrax kartid.
netsh advfirewall reset kama mid ah salaankan. Wuxuu tirtiraa xeerar uu qof si ula kac ah u abuuray, soo celintooduna waa mashruuc gooni ah. Dib-u-dejinta shabakadda ee abka dejinta waxay ka saartaa oo dib u rakibtaa adapter kasta waxayna kaloo tirtirtaa erayada sirta Wi-Fi ee la kaydiyay, sidaas darteed waxay timaaddaa tallaabooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ka dib, ma aha ka hor.
Hadhaaga milkiilahoodu yahay badeeco kale
U jiidista abka qashinka kuma tirtirto. Mac sii waday isticmaalka VPN uusan hadda muujin ayaa weli lahaa caawiye bixiye ah oo shaqaynaya; tabka shabakadda ee Activity Monitor ayaa ku aqoonsaday taraafik, habka tirtirista bixiyena wuxuu ka saaray daemon-ka iyo walxihiisa bilaabista. Hubi /Library/LaunchDaemons iyo /Library/LaunchAgents gelitaannada aan barnaamijgoodu hadda jirin.
Software-ka amniga waa meesha kale ee qaabkani ka muuqdo. Qalabka antivirus waxay rakibaan darawallo shaandhayn oo iyaga u gaar ah, tirtirisna ka tagta mid ka mid ah waxay jebin kartaa adapter VPN si aan dejinta VPN-na sharraxi karin. Qalabka tirtirista bixiyaha waxaa loo sameeyay xaaladdaas; tirtirista guud inta badan ma gaarto.
Rakibayaashu waxay kaloo diidi karaan inay bilaabmaan sababtoo ah tusaale hore ayaa weli nool. Rakibaha OpenVPN wuxuu hubiyaa openvpn.exe socda, oo ay ku jirto mid uu skriptigaaga saacado ka hor bilaabay.
Fashilka env_block waa hadhaag nooc kale ah. PATH wuxuu lumiyay C:\Windows\System32 iyo derisyadiisa, sidaas darteed macmiilku ma bilaabi karo qalabka dhisa adapter-ka. Hagaaji PATH halkii aad dib u rakibi lahayd, maxaa yeelay nuqul cusub wuxuu la kulmi doonaa isla amarrada maqan.
Interfaces Linux iyo imtixaanka router-ka
Interface tun wuxuu ka noolaan karaa dejinta abuurtay ka badan. Hal warbixin oo ku saabsan soo dejinta gaabis ah waxay ku dhammaatay qalab hadhay oo hayay cinwaanka gateway-ga barkada hore oo u jiiday taraafik tunnel aan qofna uusan qasdin. ip -brief link wuxuu liis garayaa waxa jira; isbarbar dhig waxa adeegga hadda sheegayo, ka dibna tirtir agoonta.
Kireeynta joojiya imaatinka ka dib tijaabo VPN si otomaatig ah maaha dhibaato stack. Tijaabi laptop aan waligiis qaadin macmiilka, iyo router kale, ka hor inta aadan maamulin dib-u-dejinno dheeraad ah. Haddii router-ku joojiyay jawaabta, amar Windows ah ma beddeli doono taas, cinwaan static ah oo ku meel gaar ah, gateway iyo xalliyena waxay kuu sheegayaan dhinaca jabay.
Qor waxa aad dib u dejisay iyo si kuma. Qofka xiga waa inuu ogaadaa haddii kataloogga Winsock ama firewall-ka dib loo dhisay, qoraalkaasna waa waxa kaliya ee tirtiristu qaadan karin.